⁣The words persecution and prejudice characterized Frank's trial. It is revealed that Attorney General Hugh M. Dorsey hired a private investigator to independently investigate the tragedy and was convinced Frank was guilty. The town detectives and friends of the defendant were also convinced of Frank's innocence. Town detectives are adamant that Frank is the culprit, but he said he was open to a conviction and would follow through on any leads. Rumor has it that a girl overheard them talking on a street corner and said that they had met Mary and had been waiting outside the factory while she went to pick up her salary from Frank.

Investigators eventually located the woman in question and found she had been to the factory the Saturday before the tragedy involving the girl, where she died a week later. Colonel Thomas née Felder, a prominent Atlanta attorney, was hired by residents of Bellwood, Georgia to find and prosecute a girl murderer. He said the killer was Leo M. But Frank said to the Georgians they need to hire detectives who can solve the mystery and secure enough evidence to convict Frank if he is guilty, convict another man if Frank is innocent. said there was a need. Felder was a personal friend of William J. Burns and intended to get Burns to come to Atlanta and join the search for Factory Girl Slayer if the public donated to the fund.

Subscribers quickly grew, and Special Counsel C.W. Toby has come to Atlanta to clear a dead end and smooth his way to a famous boss. Shortly after his arrival, Toby gave an interview, stating that his theory of crime was exactly the same as the theory held by the town detectives at the time. For about a week, Felder and the Burns family were prime candidates for the investigation.

A New Yorker at the time, Flack frequently claimed, whether guilty or innocent, that a large corruption fund had been set up to save Frank. It has also been suggested that Felder and the Burns family were actually hired by Frank's friends to protect him. The suspicions of the town's detectives culminated in a dictation by the investigator and Chief of Rumford's clerk to Colonel Felder. On May 23rd, the Atlanta Journal sensationalized the famous dictator and devoted an entire front page to this scoop. Secretary Ranford accused Colonel Felder of bribing CG.

Organists are alleged to have stolen certain affidavits and documents in the Phagan case in February. Dictatorship records show Felder was negotiating the purchase of certain affidavits that were to be submitted to the city's Criminal Investigation Department, alleging that the boss and some of his members had engaged in corruption as proved. The Felder and Ranford Controversy was between the two main characters of Phagan's crime novels, Felder and Ranford. The exposure of the dictator caused a violent altercation between Felder and Ranford, but the sheriff's deputies prevented the actual altercation. A grand jury investigation into the high-profile dictator case, in which Felder was indicted for defaming Ranford, who was also charged with publicly attacking Felder, raised public awareness of the crime. , Rumors of an invisible hand at work spread further and are difficult to dispel. A war of words reached a climax, and the town detectives followed the Burnsmen's meal.

⁣On Friday, May 23, a Fulton County grand jury considered a bill to indict Frank for murder. The witnesses heard on the first day of the session were Dr. J. W. Hart, LS. Dobbs, Sergeant P. Barrett, Detective J.N. Starnes and W. W. Rogers. Despite hundreds declaring that Frank would never be found guilty, the actual bill was introduced during the second day of deliberations. Key witnesses from the second session included Harry Scott, the Pinkerton family, and Miss Montene Stover. The girl told the grand jury that when she went to pick up her paycheck on Saturday, April 26, she entered Superintendent Frank's office at exactly 12:00 pm. At 10pm she waited for 5 minutes without seeing Frank or office staff.

Shortly after she discovered Montine Stover, Harry Scott of the Pinkertons and John Black of the City Police visited Frank in the Tower, and she left her office between noon and 12:50 p.m. I asked if it came out. Frank The girl's testimony, which came in just as the state claimed Frank had returned to her metal room and strangled Mary Phagan's body, was considered very important by the attorney. Monte Stover's story was considered conclusive, speaking of Frank's repeated allegations that Scott followed her to her witness stand and did not leave her office within her stipulated period. When the grand jury remanded her truthful account. Five Jews participated in the grand jury, an unusual number for Fulton County, and there were many rumors that the indictment would be blocked before the indictment was returned. But even if one vote was cast against the bill, that fact would not be made public because each lawmaker would sign the indictment.

⁣A new Fulton County grand jury was sworn in Monday morning by Judge W.D. Ellis, underscoring the need for immediate and vigorous attention to the Mary Phagan case. Leo M. Frank was the first witness called to recount where he was and what he was doing on the day of the murder. The only other witnesses questioned that afternoon were Mr. and Mrs. Emile Selig, where the Franks lived. Frank testified that he had previously lived in Brooklyn, New York, and that he left Brooklyn in October 1907, went abroad and returned to the United States, where he worked for the National Pencil Company, where he became Superintendent General. He described how he came to the factory as usual on Saturday morning and how business as usual continued until noon at the factory.

It was a public holiday and there were only 11 people in the factory, which made his job somewhat easier. An important detail in this document is that the stenographer, Dr. Hall, and the clerk, Alonzo Mann, left the building shortly after 12:00 when Frank began copying the order into the shipping request. When the murdered girl appeared and took the envelope, Mr. Frank handed it to her knowing that an employee would come for it. Frank admits he looked up Mary Phagan's phone number since the murder, but forgot it again. He didn't record the payment on his payslip or other records because he didn't need to.

The girl went and asked if the metal came. He said the Phagan child has not been operational since Monday due to metal supply shortages. There was $20 in the child's pay sack, part of which was from work the previous Friday and Saturday. He didn't know what her salary was because he didn't open her seal when she left. Hearing her footsteps fade into her corridor, he thoughtlessly went back to her work.

The document's most important detail is the events leading up to Mary Phagan's assassination. Witness Frank identified the girl by her number and did not fill in her payslip after handing over her envelope. He then made the startling remark that, five or ten minutes after Mary Phagan left, Leme Quinn, the head of the chip department, walked into his office and had a little chat with him. Frank then went to the fourth floor and found two boys who had worked in the factory, Harry Denham, Arthur White and Mrs. White. Then he went home and spent the rest of the afternoon at work.

He explained on his financial papers that Lee had arrived in the early afternoon and told him to come back.
After Negro returned, Gant came to pick up the shoes. Then he went home and called Lee at the factory. Then he went to bed at eleven o'clock. And he continued to talk about what happened the following Sunday. When investigators ordered him to interrogate the black man and extract a confession, Frank said he told security he knew you knew something.

⁣Frank testified that he was unruffled by the grilling and bombardment of questions he had received. Emile Salig and his wife, Mrs. Josephine Salig, followed Frank on the witness stand. The inquest adjourned until 930 Thursday morning. Six witnesses testified, including Boots Rogers, Lemmie Quinn, Miss Corinthia Hall, Miss Hattie Hall, and J. L. Watkins and Miss Daisy Jones.

Boots Rogers testified that Mr. Frank had changed the tape in the time clock while the officers were in the factory Sunday morning after the body of Mary Phagan had been found, and that he stated at the time as the sheet he took from the clock seemed to be correct. J. L. Watkins and Miss Daisy Jones put through a searching examination by the coroner in an effort to break down Frank's statement that he had visited the factory on the day of the tragedy. The most important details in this text are that Miss Corinthia Hall, an employee in the factory, testified that Mr. Frank's treatment of the girls in the factory was unimpeachable and that she had met Lemme Quinn at a restaurant near the factory near the noon hour Saturday. J. L. Wattkins testified that he had mistaken Miss Daisy Jones for Mary Phagan when he thought he saw her on the street near her home on Saturday afternoon at about 5:00 p.m Eastern Standard Time.

Detective Harry Scott of the Pinkerton Agency was one of the first witnesses called, and he testified that Herbert Haas, one of Frank's attorneys, had requested him to withhold all evidence from the police until Haas himself had considered it. Detective John Black followed Scott on the stand and told of finding a bloody shirt at Lee's home on the Tuesday afternoon following the murder. Newt Lee was recalled to the stand and said that when he and Frank conversed together at the police station that Frank told him if you keep that up, your story, Newt will both go to hell. Frank was recalled to the stand and testified in The most important details in this text are the character witnesses who testified in the Phagan case. Miss Nellie Wood of Eight Corporate Street and Mrs. C. D. Donaghan of 165 West 14th Street testified that Frank had come to her and put his hands on her when it was not called for, that he was too familiar and she didn't like it, and that Frank had tried to pass it off as a joke.

Coroner Donohue began to deliver his charge to the jury, saying that they had heard the statement of the county physicians, seen what caused death, seen the body and heard the evidence in the case. The coroner's jury in the case of Mary Phagan's death was tasked with investigating the cause of death and determining who is guilty of the murder. The jury was also responsible for holding witnesses who were essential in trying the case, and for committing anyone who was concealing information. The six men forming the jury filed one by one out of the door, and the crowd waited for 20 minutes before the foreman stood up and announced the verdict. The coroner's jury had a duty to inquire diligently as to how Mary Phagan came to her death and to determine at whose hands death came.

The coroner's jury ruled that Mary Phagan had been strangled and recommended that pencil factory manager Leo M. Frank and her night watchman Newt Lee be detained for a grand jury autopsy. Frank was reading the afternoon newspaper in Tower Hall when the news broke. He declined to comment further, but Newt Lee was clearly shocked when the news broke. When the news came in, he looked defeated and very depressed.

⁣The coroner's inquest began Wednesday morning after lengthy interviews with Frank and Newt Lee at the police station Tuesday night. A large number of witnesses, including factory girls and many others, arrived at the police station to testify at the inquest. The first to testify were Constables W.F. Anderson and Brown, who detailed how they were informed of the murder and how they found the body on that harrowing Saturday night. Mr. Anderson said the basement was a long narrow enclosure between rock walls, with an elevator shaft near the front, a boiler in the middle on the right, and a partition enclosed in a junk-room-like enclosure on the left that opened. I explained that there was a restroom. The right side is behind the cauldron, the left side is behind the girl's body and behind the door. Brown followed Anderson to the witness stand and made a very damaging testimony against Newt Lee. He said it was impossible to tell that the body belonged to a white girl unless you were within a few feet of it.

Brown testified that Mary Phagan's body was found in a pile on her chair, along with her clothes, a purple dress with white trimmings, shoes, and gunmetal-black slippers around 11 o'clock. At 4:45 a.m. Newt Lee took the stand and testified that he had arrived at the factory at 4:00 a.m. He then left as Frank told him to. Detectives and police say it was face down, but he testified that he found it face up. J.Q. Spear of Cartersville saw a girl and a man outside a pencil factory on Saturday afternoon, they were excited and nervous, and the girl was seen at P.'s on Sunday. Newt Lee testified that it was the same as Chapel of J. Bloomfield. George Epps, a young newsboy who had driven into town with Mary Phagan, testified that Mary told her that Mr. Frank gave her a look and that he was suspicious. E.L. Sentell testified that he saw Mullinax with a girl he believed to be Mary Phagan late Saturday night. R. P. Barrett testified that he found bloodstains near Mary's machine on the second floor. Gant took the stand and told the same story he had already told the detectives. J.W. Coleman testified about the horror she and her mother felt on the night of the murder by Leo M. Frank. Fourth National Bank assistant teller Barry said the note found on the girl's body was written in the same hand-writing as several other notes written by black nightguard Newt Lee, detectives at police headquarters. said.

The inquest was postponed until Thursday as investigators took steps toward solving the mystery of the death of infant Mary Phagan. They concluded that Mary had only briefly gone to the factory on Saturday afternoons to collect her wages, and that she had never left the factory. Claims that Mary was seen in the middle of the night with Malenax and girls matching her description were scrutinized but found to be unfounded. Elle Center confirmed that she saw Pearl Robinson, not Mary Phagan with Mullinax. Other witnesses who are said to have seen the girl on Saturday afternoon also came forward and said they may have been wrong.

Officials have come to the plausible speculation that Mary Phagan never made it out of the pencil factory alive. Gant and Molinax were released from custody on Thursday afternoon, and the inquest was temporarily postponed. ⁣⁣The Donahue coroner said an autopsy into the girl's death was postponed until Monday. The two suspects are: Newt Lee and Leo Frank were transferred to Fulton County Tower pending an investigation at Police Headquarters. The coroner's warrant that brought them to the Tower was identical in both cases, except for the name that Frank read to the Fulton County, Georgia jailer. After the two men in the tower and two other former suspects were released Thursday, there seemed little doubt that investigators held the key to the mystery. But James Jim Conley, a black cleaner at a pencil factory, was arrested at 2 a.m. At 12:00 p.m. Thursday, he was detained at the Police Headquarters factory along with elevator boy Snowball. Conley's arrest was not well publicized at the time, and the newspapers wrote only one paragraph about it. The sixth arrest in the Phagan murders was made by investigators at 1:00 am.

At midnight Thursday, James Conley, a black janitor employed at the National Pencil Factory, was seen washing his shirts at the faucet behind the building. He claimed that the stains on his shirt were rust stains and that he had washed the shirt to appear in court to attend the interrogation he was summoned for. His testimony is believed by the police, and theories and clues are pouring into the detective agency. Many of Frank's friends personally worked on the case to clear the cloud of suspicion hanging over the prominent young superintendent. Theories flood the detective agency as to how Mary Phagan came to her death and what system might be used to bring her murderers to justice. People have been calling authorities to tell them how to proceed, and the agency has received hundreds of letters of advice and theories from the state and six other states. The most important detail in this text is that the two women had a murder dream and the murderer is detailed. Frank's friends flocked to his defense as both Frank and blacks denounced him. Thursday night, Joseph M. Brown advised Lieutenant General J. Van Holt Nash to keep in touch with the 5th Regiment's Georgia National Guard so that the unit could act in the event of an emergency.

This has prompted city, county and even state officials to pay close attention. Governor Brown also advised Lieutenant General J. Van Holt Nash to keep in touch with the Georgia National Guard at the 5th Georgia Regiment to keep the unit ready for action in the event of an emergency. The governor warned prison officials and police to be on alert for signs of civil unrest. Colonel E.E. Pomeroy, commander of the 5th Regiment, gathered his men in the Auditorium Armory, a few blocks from the tower where Frank and Lee were inside the prison, and held them there until late at night 11 o'clock. At 3:30 pm the soldiers were allowed to return to their homes.

⁣Rumors of mob violence were proven unfounded until the coroner's jury met again Thursday through Monday morning, and on Saturday night the militia were again ordered to stand by in case of trouble. A meeting between Chief Detective Rumford and Coroner Paul Donoghue summoned additional witnesses to the investigation, resulting in a united effort by city and state forces to tackle the case. Rumors circulated in the city throughout Saturday that one of the two prisoners in the tower had made a confession, which authorities angrily denied, but later proved to be completely unfounded.

⁣The first week after the discovery of Mary Phagan's body ended with elite county, city, state, and outside agencies working on the case, with two suspects inside the tower, and the state as a whole. I was looking forward to responding to the coroner's investigation.

⁣The head of the National Pencil Factory, Leo M. Frank, was taken to the police station and detained on charges related to the rape and murder of Mary Phagan. Slender and boyish in appearance, he was a weak and delicate man unlike the old black man Newt Lee, the young giant Gantt, or the former conductor Arthur Mullinax. He told jurors he was born in Paris, Texas, and moved to Brooklyn, New York, when he was three months old. He graduated from Cornell University in 1902 and received a draftman's position at the B. F. Stutevant Company of High Park, Massachusetts.

He then returned to Brooklyn and worked as an inspector, engineer and draftsman at the National Meter Company in Brooklyn, New York. Afterwards, he returned to America and soon headed south to Atlanta, where he married Miss Lucille Seelig. He spent most of his married life at his step-parents' house. E. Seelig, 68 East Georgia Ave. Frank was taken into custody by police shortly before noon on Tuesday at a pencil factory. The car, which left the police station with Pinkerton Agency Detective Harry Scott and City Police Department Detective John Black in it, returned within 10 minutes with Frank locked in a cell.

Chief of Detectives, Mr. Newport A. Ranford said he would be held in custody pending the results of a forensic examination. Frank's friends were outraged by his arrest and hired one of Atlanta's leading lawyers, Luther Z. Rosser, as their attorney. Public sentiment on Tuesday was the highest since the murders came to light as four suspects were identified. Suspicions about Mr. Gang Su and Mr. Mullen were already quickly fading. City investigators and Pinkerton's military searched the factory, the suspect's home, and the entire city for clues to the pencil factory.

⁣The mystery surrounding the murder of Mary Phagan in the basement of the National Pencil Factory in Atlanta caused a sensation that not only lasted nine days but remained a mystery for months. On Monday morning, the day after the murder, the documents were seized by thousands and Arthur Malenax, a former tramman and friend of the dead girls, was arrested. Arthur Mullinax was working under E.L Sentell, an employee of the food company C.J. Camper, said he had known Mary Phagan for years and was sure she was the girl he saw on the street. Arthur Mullinax was briefly arrested by police and taken to the police station late Sunday night. Kirstintel clearly identified him as the man who was allegedly with Mary Phagan. The text's most important details are the two suspects arrested in the murder of Mary Phagan. J.M. Gantt was arrested in Marietta Monday morning and was known to be an acquaintance of Mary Phagan. His sister, Mrs. F.C. Terrell gave conflicting accounts of his move.

The morning after his arrest, Gant attempted to get out of prison by filing a writ of habeas corpus. On May 1, Mullinax was released after giving testimony at the coroner's autopsy based primarily on that of her fiancé Pearl Robinson. Gant was later called as a witness at the trial, but it turned out that Mullinax was so ignorant of the case that he was not even called as a witness. A key detail in the document is rumors that led to the arrest of former Atlanta boy Paul Bowen, who knew Mary Phagan. Police were reportedly assisted Monday after the murder, when it emerged that pencil factory authorities had asked local Pinkerton detectives to help track down the killer.

The coroner's jury was appointed after meeting with coroner Paul Donahue in the metal room of the pencil factory. Interesting findings of blood stains on the floor of the metal room led investigators to suspect that the Phagan girl had been murdered there, rather than in the basement as originally thought. One of them was due to be arrested within 24 hours.

⁣Mary was a factory girl who worked hard from morning till night. For Memorial Day, she wanted to drive into town to see the Confederate Veterans Parade. She took the tram into town and met George Epps, a newspaperman who had always liked her. Later that night, George Epps ran to Mr. and Mrs. Phagan's house to find out why Mary had not met. Mary's stepfather, J.W. Coleman, went into town at Mrs. Coleman's request to see if she could find Mary where she would have gone to the Bijou Theater with her friends. He went to Bijou, waited for the show to end, looked at the faces of the people passing by, but never saw the face of the girl he was looking for. He returns to her home to comfort her grieving mother, thinking that Mary may have gone to Marietta's to visit her grandmother. The document's most important detail is the events leading up to the death of Phagan's neighbor Helen Ferguson. On Saturday, April 27th, there was a knock on the door of Phagan's home and news of Helen's death arrived.

Helen's eyes filled with sorrow and her lips could barely utter the terrible words she wanted to say. Her mother was leaning back on the sofa in her house and she lay there for days, unable to speak. Mr. Coleman rushed into town to see the body of the girl who had become more than a daughter to him in Bloomfield. When the mortician Will Gessling showed the body, the old man positively identified it. The most important detail of this text is the events leading up to Mary Phagan's death.

It is estimated that 20,000 people saw the remains during the company's stay, and hundreds saw them at a funeral in Marietta. Before the funeral, doctors conducted an examination of Mary Phagan's body, which was kept secret until the trial. On April 29, the body was buried in an old family cemetery in Marietta, Georgia, 32 miles from Atlanta. On May 7, the body was exhumed by order of the public prosecutor and a thorough examination of the stomach and other vital organs was carried out by doctors. H.F. Harris was implemented by the State Board of Health. What he found was known only to himself, a state agent, until he testified on the witness stand almost three months later.

⁣The text's most important detail is the events leading up to the murder of Frank View, a small factory girl. Newt Lee was arrested, taken to the police station, and the dead child was identified. Rogers and Starnes called the caretaker, Frank, and asked him to bring his coat and come with him. On the way, Black asked Frank if he knew a girl named Mary Phagan, and the factory manager said he would check the factory payslips. On their way to the factory, the three stop at a funeral home to see the body of Mary Phagan. Asked if he knew Mary Phagan, Frank replied that he would definitely know if he went to the factory. As the sun rose, a small group of men, including factory manager N.V. Darley, stood at the factory gates. Frank greeted the foreman and officers and they went to Frank's office. The superintendent opened the safe, took out a blank book, and found Mary Phagan.

Frank rubbed his hand and asked if he had found any trace of wage embezzlement at the factory. The inspector's next request was to investigate the place where the girl's body was found. Frank went to the switch box next to the elevator, flipped the switch on the machine, and turned on the machine. When we returned to the first floor, someone asked us to get off at the station building. Frank turns to Darley and says, "I think you should put a new bill in your watch." This is best described by Boots Rogers' narration. Frank said little about the murder of Mary Phagan, but said it was a shame.

When he discussed the watch's new label with Darley, the foreman agreed. Frank took the key out of his pocket, unlocked the right side, and took out the Timeslip. He checked the notes and said no problem. Mr. Lee was handcuffed and standing nearby, and Mr. Darley was also there. Frank found a pencil in one of the potholes and asked Lee why it was there.

The Negro, he said, put a pencil there so he wouldn't make a mistake by drilling the correct hole. Frank unlocked his watch and he penciled in "26." April 1913" is written at the end of the note. He then folded the note and took it with him to his internal office. Frank and the cops board Rogers' plane to the police station, where Frank sits on Darley's lap. At the police station, Frank fearfully jumps out of the car and runs into the jail cell, speaking quickly and carefully.

Frank told them about the visit from J.M. Gannt on Saturday morning at the factory, a young man who had just been laid off came back to pick up the shoes he had left behind in the factory that afternoon. Frank told detectives that Gantt knew Mary Phagan well, he told her.

⁣CID searched for Gantt while Lee was in custody and detectives searched for several suspects. As the first day of the famous Mary agan affair draws to a close, crowds pour down Forsyth Street, contented to look at the building where the black murders took place. Police were constantly watching everyone entering and leaving the factory, and grief reigned in the little house in Bellwood, where Mary Phagan left happy on Saturday.

⁣Three men from the Atlanta Police Department were released from the night shift just as Newt Lee told them it was time to leave to patrol the factory building. They turned to Decatur Street and freed themselves from the crowd of happy-smiling Negroes that had swarmed them a few hours earlier. The police found Boots in Boots Roger's car while he was leaning back in his chair for the rest of the day. In a cell at the back of the ward, early that night, black sobs were heard by police officers charged with disorderly conduct. The sergeant growled and pushed him off his back, brandishing the key. When the phone rang, Boot's deputy Rogers opened his mouth and began presenting the Grace case. W.T. Constable Anderson wondered who was calling at this hour. Tired, he got up, went to the phone booth door, and opened it. An important detail in this document is that Officers Anderson, Rogers, Dobbs and Brown are all officers of the National Pencil Factory on Forsyth Street. When Officer Anderson rushed out of the phone booth with the message, the sleepy officers jumped up and jumped into the car, waking the sleeping reporters. As the car approached the corner of Prior and Decatur Streets, they saw two men standing on the corner. The car slowed down and the four men got out. Officer Anderson banged on the door with his fists clenched, and Newt Lee's frightened face turned to them. They fired at him and entered the factory's dark entrance, with Lee in front and Anderson right behind him. The men held hands clutching revolvers and marched in single file to the water. Newt Lee led her down a ladder, pointing anxiously at something in the corner. Officers crouched to stare at the badly mutilated corpse of a girl with her head forward and her legs slanted to the right rear corner. Her face was covered with bruises and black stains, indicating the extent of her injuries. Her hair was ragged, the blue ribbon that tied it was withered and dirty, her lavender silk dress was covered in blood, the thick cords cut deep into her flesh and the fabric torn from her dress. I saw a gag. Her petticoat was torn to shreds, her suspender belt was cut off on one side, and her white stockings themselves were hanging almost to her knees. Sergeant Brown cocked his head back and gasped, "Oh my God, just a kid." As Sergeant Dobbs was examining the basement floor, someone was holding his breath and scribbling a rude letter. I found two dirty yellow papers. The officers read out the notes, one reading, "I love the girl who lies like a witch in the night," and another reading, "Mom, the black people I hired here did that." was written. When I went to fetch water, he pushed me to the ground. "That hole. What woke it up was a long, tall, black black man, a long, slim, tall black man. I write as I play. What was it? Did the man who wrote these notes commit this hellish act? Anderson suddenly turned to the guard and placed a rough hand on his shoulder. "Negro, you did it," he said hoarsely. ⁣Moments later Anderson was handcuffed to his wrists, and Newt Lee arrested for murder.

⁣One Sabbath morning on April 27th, 1913, Newt Lee was a night watchman on the second floor of the National Pencil Factory. It's cool and he has to make his rounds every half hour. As he descends the stairs to his first floor, darkness engulfs him behind him, and only a thin streak of light indicates the stairs he must climb. Mr. Frank, the factory manager, has let him rest most of the afternoon, but he hopes to have a good time and not come back until six. Upon reaching the bottom of the stairs, Newt mutters to himself and begins throwing the light of his lantern back and forth on the empty ground floor. After many lonely nights like this, Newt Lee learned the importance of quiet communication and good sleep. Newt is a night watchman tasked with investigating the factory basement. He found Mr. Frank, who had been asked to go upstairs with Mr. Gant to get his shoes, raised his voice and appeared nervous, rubbing his hand and rushing out the door. . Newt examines the dim and quiet first floor of the factory. He opened the trapdoor over the hole in the channel, and a faint light came through. The gas jet is burning, but getting weaker. Newt says it's Mr. Frank's order to keep the lights bright. As he climbs his feet and carefully anchors himself on each step, his lantern flickers with light, faintly illuminating the dim light of the basement. his feet touch the ground. Lung. A key detail in this text is that Newt Lee is in a basement with a lantern flickering yellow light, a pile of clothes and things he has never seen before. His heart pounded, and he strained his ears for another sound, but the silence enveloped and gripped him, and for the first time in his life, a black man felt a deadly, nauseating terror. He tried to shake it off and laugh, but his voice was stiff and glaring in the silence. Taking another step forward, Newt Lee staggered back as the lantern flashed again. He sobbed and jumped up the ladder when he saw something that stopped the blood like a dam of ice. The thing next to the boiler was no joke, no holiday prank. And Newt Lee sobbed on the ladder.

Sequence of the events with regards to the crime are mentioned below:

April 27 - The dead body of Mary Phagan is found in cellar of National Pencil production line at 03:00 am by Newt Lee, Negro night guard. Police hold Newt Lee.

April 27 - Leo M Frank. Superintendent and Administrator of the pencil manufacturing plant, called from bed to see Mary Phagan's corpse.

April 27 - Arthur Mullinax apprehended and in custody.

April 28 - Blood splotches found in metal room on main floor lead police to accept the young lady was slaughtered there.

April 28 - Coroner Donahue empanels jury for examination. He meets, sees the dead body and scene of where the crime took place and decides to adjourn.

April 28 - J. M. Gantt, previous bookkeeper at the production line, arrested at Marietta.

April 28 - Pinkerton's contracted by pencil manufacturing plant to discover slayer.

April 29 - Frank taken from production line to police station. Chief Lanford reports he will be held until after the examination.

April 29 - Specialists announce Newt Lee composed notes found by the dead girl's side.

April 29 - Luther Z. Rosser declares he has been hired by Leo Frank and is at the scene when his client is interrogated in Chief Lansford's office.

April 29 - Revelation of what is clearly a bloodstain close lift leads police to accept girl's body was dragged to the transport shaft and dropped to the cellar of the factory.

April 30 - Frank and Lee closeted together an office of Chief of Criminologists Lanford, for an hour.

April 30 - Coroner's jury reconvenes. Lee tells his story.

May 1 - James Conley, Negro sweeper arrested whereas washing shirt and manufacturing plant considered insignificant at time.

May 1 - Fulfilled with vindications, police free Gantt and Arthur Mullinax.

May 1 - Frank and Lee taken to province imprison to be held until result of coroner's jury test.

May 2 - Solicitor Simon Dorsey gets involved in the case.

May 5 - Frank metnions all of his activities on the day of the incident. On the stand for three and a half hours, he narrates everything from his perspective.

May 6 - Paul Bowen taken into custody in Houston, Texas.

May 7 - Bowen discharged upon proving himself innocent with an alibi.

May 8 - Leo Frank and Newt Lee requested held for amazing jury by coroner's jury.

May 12 - Mrs. Frank the point visits her spouse for to begin with time since his imprisonment.

May 17 - Colonel Thomas B. Felder declares that Burns criminologist is at work on the puzzle.

May 21 - Dad Flack, Modern York unique mark master, makes examination result obscure.

May 24 - Conley out of the blue makes startling confession in which he says he composed notes found close body at the instigation of Frank.

May 24 - Frank prosecuted by amazing jury for kill. Lee held as fabric witness.

May 26 - Burns authorities declared their examination ended.

May 27 - Conley makes another thrilling sworn statement in which he says he made a difference by assisting Leo Frank in carrying Mary Phagan's body to the storm cellar.

May 30 - Conley taken to pencil manufacturing plant and re-enacts a simulation of carrying the body to the cellar. He is then taken to tower.

June 3 - Minolo McKnight makes outstanding sworn statement in which she says she caught Mrs. Frank tell of bizarre conduct on Frank's portion on the night of the kill.

June 7 - Mrs. Frank scores specialist Dorsey announcing that the room in which Minola McKnight made her implicating sworn statement was a torment chamber.

June 8 - Lawyer Rosser denounces Chief Lanford of deception in explore for slayer.

June 23 - Specialist Simon Dorsey sets the trial for June 30.

June 24 - Date of trial changed to July 28 at the conference between Predominant Court Judge Roan and Leo Frank's defense and the State of Georgia's indictment lawyers.

July 9 - The public is told of a parcel of Mary Phagan's pay envelope being found at the foot of a flight of stairs walking distance from office by Pinkerton detectives analysts not too long after the murder.

⁣July 18 - A grand jury was convened to consider the charges against Conley by the presiding judge.

July 21 - A grand jury agrees to drop the Conley case after hearing Solicitor Dorsey's testimony.

July 22 - It was announced that a bloody stick had been found near where Conley was sitting on the day of the murder.

July 28 - Frank's trial begins.

August 25 - The case will go to a jury and a guilty verdict will be announced.

August 26 - Leo Frank is sentenced to death on October 10th 1913 and his lawyers appeal for a new trial.

⁣In Atlanta and the South, the well-known Leo M. Frank case is arguably the best crime thriller of all time. Young Mary Phagan was brutally murdered when she went to the National Pencil Factory to pick up her paycheck, according to the story. Alas, is understandably intriguing to any working man or woman, as terrifying as its details are. All who hear about a crime mystery find it intriguing. But because this particular case involves the prosecution of an elite Jew, Mary Phagan's crime thriller lost its identity with Leo M. Frank. The Frank case involved Frank, the manager of a sizable factory where a affable little employee had died. No other murder investigation in the South has sparked as much curiosity. There is more to this story than just a respectable man assigned to kill a lust-driven young factory girl. It is more than just a crime thriller.

He claims to be the victim of persecution because he is Jewish, which makes this case crucial. The story of a horrifying crime, significant events that occurred over the following four months, and, finally, the tale of a great trial in which two of the South's top criminal defense lawyers squared off against the astute minds of the Atlanta Attorney General for a month. was finished. However, a lot of the intriguing tales pertaining to the Frank case were never published because the media was afraid to mention them in their articles.

Frank was found guilty by the Fulton Supreme Court, which brings the play to a close. The case was not resolved following the Atlanta County trial. This is because the juvenile defendant will be brought back before a judge soon after receiving a death sentence, and if he is to be hanged, it could take months or even years for that to happen. remain. The battle for Frank's life, however, changed into a complex legal dispute starting on the day of the verdict. The real story concludes with a trial and the author's explanation of all the significant details.

⁣Table of Contents.

Preface.

Chronology

Chapter One - Crime Discovered
Chapter Two - Police Reach Scene
Chapter Three - Frank Views Body
Chapter Four - Mother Hears of Murder
Chapter Five - Crime Stirs Atlanta
Chapter Six - Leo Frank Is Arrested
Chapter Seven - The Inquest starts
Chapter Eight - Frank's Story
Chapter Nine - Dictograph Incident
Chapter Ten - Conley Enters Case
Chapter Eleven - Conley in School
Chapter Twelve - Racial Prejudice Charge
Chapter Thirteen - Plants Charge to Frank
Chapter Fourteen - South's Greatest Legal Battle
Chapter Fifteen - The State's Chain
Chapter Sixteen - Perversion Charged
Chapter Seventeen - Salacious Stories Admitted
Chapter Eighteen - Frank's Alibi
Chapter Nineteen - Attorneys Threatened
Chapter Twenty - Frank's Own Story
Chapter Twenty-One - Lawyers Laud and Denounce Frank
Chapter Twenty-Two - Fear Of Lynching Precedes Verdict

⁣The Frank Case, Inside Story of Georgia's Greatest Murder Mystery
Complete History of the Sensational Crime and Trial, Portraits of Principals

⁣The story behind Georgia's greatest crime thriller Frank Faure. A portrait of the entire history of crime and the principles of justice that grabbed attention. The price is $0.25.
⁣Published by the Atlanta Publishing Company
Atlanta, Georgia - 1913
Published by Atlanta Publishers, Atlanta, Georgia.

⁣On March 19, 1985, Alonzo Man died and the narrator was saddened. On March 6, 1986, Ferris Moore received a second pardon request for Leo Frank from the Board of Pardons and Parole. The board wanted to see the narrator and her father, but the reaction to the board's refusal of a pardon in 1983 did not subside. The new CEOs Wayne Snow Jr. and Mike Wing were informed that the Jewish community would again apply for a posthumous pardon, and that if granted, the pardon would be based on guilt or innocence. Allegedly, the state did not protect Leo Frank and his rights were violated. The Board thought the lynching of Leo Frank was wrong and that this pardon would heal old wounds. In September 1985, a renewed effort to seek a pardon began, and petitioners concluded that beyond the procedural steps of the trial, a pardon was likely possible by dealing with Leo Frank's out-of-court proceedings. reached. The court agreed in principle to grant a special pardon that did not imply innocence or guilt, but simply addressed the concerns raised by the case. After meeting with representatives of the applicants, the Board began drafting the final pardon order, which was approved shortly after ADL officials and others found it admissible. Families questioned why the acceptance of the application had not been publicly announced, and why the new application had not been made known to others who opposed the granting of the pardon. The Board was deeply concerned that Frank would set a precedent for numerous posthumous petitions for amnesty granted on purely legal grounds. Former Chairman Celis Moore announced the issuance of the pardon warrant at 1:00 am on March 11, 1986.
12:00 a.m. at the Georgia State Capitol. Board members ultimately agreed on the basis for the pardon, reflecting concerns that Frank's lynching had hampered his efforts to prove his innocence. The board also addressed three other legal concerns.
The rejection of lynching laws, the need to heal old wounds, and the perception of anti-Semitism. The question of whether Leo Frank really committed the murder was just dust in pardon negotiations.

From September 1986 until March 1986, the Commission took no action other than to confirm the accuracy of the final order. The final statement reads: On April 26, 1913, Mary Phagan, a 13-year-old employee of a pencil factory in Atlanta, was murdered. Georgians were shocked and outraged. Factory manager Leo M. Frank was indicted for the murder of Mary Phagan in 1913. He was held in prison for protection and sentenced on 25 August 1913. After the appeal was dismissed, the case was referred to Governor John M. Slayton for consideration. On June 20, 1911, the governor commuted his sentence from death to life imprisonment. On August 16, 1915, gunmen forcibly removed Frank from Mirageville State Penitentiary and lynched him. This ended the case and precluded further attempts to prove Frank's innocence. In 1983, the State Board of Pardons and Parole reviewed pardon applications suggesting innocence, but found no conclusive evidence of Frank's innocence.


⁣Georgia failed to protect Leo M. Frank and prosecute the lynchers. In 1983, the State Board of Pardons and Parole reviewed pardon applications suggesting innocence, but found no conclusive evidence of Frank's innocence. Recognizing that the state had protected Leo M. Frank personally and denied him further legal remedy, the State Amnesty and Amnesty Commission pardoned him and issued a copy of the Commission's hand and stamp. signed below. A pardon and parole were issued. The board was said to have been secretly working with the Jewish community for about a year, and its chairman, Wayne Snow, disclosed this in an interview with a television station. It bothered us.

Wayne Snow announced a pardon for Leo Frank, but it was kept secret. The pardon was reported in the media, and Mary Phagan's relatives said the pardon did not resolve the real question of Leo Frank's innocence or guilt. The author felt compelled to tell the familial aspect of Little Mary's story in order to educate the next generation of Phagans about their origins and Little Mary Phagan's true heritage. In January 1987, the story of Little Mary Phagan was reprinted in newspapers, and the media reminded readers that Little Mary Phagan's assassination spurred the beginning of the modern KKK. Now, the author's predictions that more books will be written and a TV miniseries will be produced about the case are starting to come true.

Will we ever know for sure who killed Mary Phagan? Did the answer go to the grave of everyone involved in the tragedy?

⁣

⁣The State Board of Pardons and Paroles received a formal request for a posthumous pardon for Leo Frank in October 1982. The complaint was filed by the Anti-Defamation League, the American Jewish Commission, and the Atlanta Jewish League, and was chaired by a panel of attorneys chaired by Atlanta immigration attorney Dale N. Schwartz. The Chamber of Commerce hopes to investigate the case with minimal outside pressure and publicity, and the plaintiffs have been working to file a pardon petition since Alonzo Mann gave his testimony. Dale Schwartz has publicly stated that the essence of seeking Leo Frank's pardon is to seek a formal rejection of anti-Semitism and bigotry, and to remove the obtrusive element to Georgia's history. Applicants are seeking a pardon based on additional legal concerns rather than the legality of Leo Frank's trial and conviction. The pardon effort, an AntiDefamation League staffer later stated, was not simply a matter of one person, not just the case of Leo Frank.

An official wrote the League's national The pardon effort for Leo Frank in the United States has been criticized for minimizing potential offense to blacks, repudiating prejudice against blacks and Jews, and reflecting Georgia's past as it reflected on the personal identity and regional pride of Georgians to do justice. The Atlanta Black Jewish Coalition has declared that they must seize this opportunity and the petition for pardon concluded, "Judgment, justice ye shall pursue." The pardon effort has been criticized for minimizing potential offense to blacks, repudiating prejudice against blacks and Jews, and reflecting Georgia's past as it reflected upon the personal identity and regional pride of Georgians to do justice. The petition for pardon concluded, "Judgment, justice ye shall pursue." Attorney Edgar Neely argued that the Georgia system of justice in 1913 impugned the reputation of its lawyers in general and particularly Frank's counsel. The leaders of the pardon effort responded at length, including outlining the new evidence of Alonzo Mann. Mobley Hall, chairman of the Amnesty and Parole Board at the time, weighed Mr Neely's claims.

He had four legal ways to acquit Leo Frank. Complexity by courts beginning with a governor's statement declaring Leo Frank not guilty, an order of the Georgia House of Representatives and/or Senate declaring Leo Frank not guilty, and an ad hoc motion for a retrial and pardon by the Georgia Commission procedure. Forgiveness and slogans. Governor Joseph Harris, District Attorney Louis Slayton, and the Georgia Senate all expressed sympathy for Leo Frank's efforts to acquit him and recommended that the Board of Pardons and Paroles seek a pardon. Petitioners began to think that a pardon would best meet the further legal purpose of Frank's acquittal and would be considered final by the public. Dale Schwartz pointed out that the public now understands the amnesty process as an exoneration, especially when it involves acquittal of the applicant. Petitioners also suggested that the court's ruling would make it appear that the Jewish community manipulated fellow judges.

The goal at the time was a pardon from the Amnesty and Parole Board. In a 1984 interview, Dale Schwartz told the editors of Israel Today that Georgia not only grants forgiveness for past crimes, but rather defendants are the type to seek state forgiveness for wrongful convictions. said he would grant a posthumous pardon.


⁣The most important detail in this document is that of the petitioner for posthumous pardon in the Leo Frank case. The petitioners were personally involved in and affected by the incident, and their father suggested they contact the rest of the Phagan family. Their assessment of the family's opinion was correct, so the petitioners sent a letter to the parole board asking to allow the Phagan family to appear at the parole board hearing on the Leo Frank case. Last fall, the parole board received a formal written pardon request and was required to do so by order of the Georgia Senate dated March 26, 1982. The pardon request may be based on Alonzo Mann's 1982 testimony, but the Board is not limited to its consideration. Applicants are advised that the parole board does not plan to hold oral testimony hearings against anyone. The Phagans have requested that all information be provided in writing. The Commission is likely to make a decision later this year and has expressed its determination to base its decisions on the facts and evidence it desires to investigate the incident with minimal external pressure or public disclosure. are doing. Mr. Moore's letter confirmed the family's intuition that there would be some political involvement in the board, as well as their decision to consider posthumous clemency. On February 14, 1983, the Phagan family responded by letter to the board of directors. The letter said the alleged turmoil in court during the proceedings did not threaten the fairness of the proceedings or provide sufficient grounds to overturn the verdict. Trier's judge hearing the motion for retrial was right in believing that the jury whose impartiality was contested was competent. An important detail in this document is that Leo Frank was sentenced to death, which was commuted by Governor John Marshall Slayton. Governor Slayton said the jury's verdict would not be challenged if the commutation was granted, but the murder conviction would be commuted. Passed the state on the specified date. In August 1915, he was kidnapped by a mob from Mirageville State Facility and taken to Cobb County, where he was lynched. Alonzo Mann, 14, a witness in the Frank trial, received death threats and was not asked specific questions to prove Frank's innocence. Frank was competently represented by a council of great skill and experience. Alonzo Mann came forward to clear his conscience before his death, claiming that Leo Frank was not guilty of the murder of Mary Phagan, but provided no evidence to contradict Leo M. Frank's verdict. issued a statement swearing no. How long has he worked in the pencil factory? The Senate has asked the State Board of Amnesty and Parole to investigate the Leo Frank case. If the evidence points to Leo Frank's innocence, the Board should seriously consider granting Leo Frank a posthumous pardon. With no new evidence presented in 70 years, Mobley-Hall said he needed to fully prove his innocence with full evidence. The lawsuit is refiled every three to five years and will never be resolved.

⁣The Phagan family demanded a copy of the applicant's application and all evidence presented, as well as information regarding future applications in the Leo M. Frank Mary Phagan case. On April 26, 1983, an article in the Atlanta Journal and Constitution reported that a pardon was being sought for Leo Frank. Atlanta Journal and Constitutional contributor Ron Mertz reported that the Anti-Defamation League, the American Jewish Commission, and the Atlanta Jewish League have asked parolees and parole boards to reclaim Frank. . Celis Moore confirmed to reporters that her application for a posthumous pardon is under consideration, and this is the first time a posthumous pardon has been considered in Georgia. The petition contains 300 pages, including an affidavit from Alonzo Mann, who was Frank's clerk at the time of the murder, and a two-and-a-half-hour videotape of Mann drafting an affidavit protesting Frank's innocence. It contained evidence of The myth that formed around Leo Franck is based on Alonzo Mann's The Leo Franck Myth, which was attributed to Jim Conley as a confession, and secret evidence allegedly provided by John Slayton in 1915. formed public opinion about him long before he was born. Judge Arthur Pole hinted that Frank's innocence would one day come to light. The author is one of the few people who know that Frank was convicted and innocent of the lynching charges. After the trial was over and the Supreme Court upheld the conviction, he learned who murdered Mary Phagan, but that information could not be revealed as long as the particular person was alive. and arrived. Laws on this subject may or may not be wise laws, but some people think they are not wise laws.

The most important details in this text are that the file to which he refers may have contained a confession obtained by Conley's own counsel, and that Alonzo Mann's testimony proved that Jim Conley, the state's chief witness against Frank, had lied on two counts. First, since Mann indicated Mary Phagan was alive as she was carried down, it contradicted Conley's statement that she was dead when he saw her on the second floor. The petitioners for the pardon were pinning their hopes on Alonzo Mann's testimony, which proved that Jim Conley, the state's chief witness against Frank, had lied on two counts first, since Mann indicated Mary Phagan was alive as she was carried down, contradicting Conley's statement that she was dead when he saw her on the second floor. The Atlanta Journal and Constitution felt that the case was compelling and that the Board of Pardons and Paroles should move quickly to clear Leo Frank's name and the enduring blot on the conscience of Georgia. Sherry Frank, Southeast area director of the American Jewish Committee, told the Journal that the pardon would white from the books the life sentence given Frank, but also clear him outright of guilt in Mary Phagan's killing. Anti-Defamation League Southeast Regional Director Stuart Lewinlove said he was seeking a full exoneration. Governor Joe Frank Harris has announced his intention to approve the pardon if recommended by the Board of Pardons and Parole. When the posthumous amnesty initiative became public, it itself provoked an anti-Semitic response.

⁣On September 3, 1983, the New Order of Knights, a fringe clan group, held a march and rally in Marietta, Georgia, featuring signs reading no pardon for the Jew murderer Leo Frank. This was part of a conspiracy by a group called Christian Friends of Mary Phagan, who wrote to the pardon board to accuse and hopefully prove Christians guilty of prejudice, bigotry and antisemitism. Others felt the same way as the petitioners did, and the Atlanta Constitution had the power to right a great wrong and do a great good. Among those who extorted the board to pardon Leo Frank were a minister in Tennessee who felt that pardon would bring a sense of reassurance to many of the citizens who have been hurt and still suffer due to the prejudicial trial to which he was subjected many years ago, and a member of the Christian Council of Metropolitan Atlanta who viewed a pardon as a way to repudiate the twin evils of prejudice and mob rule. The Phagan family felt the same way, as they had known about the application for the posthumous par The narrator took a step to ensure that the next generation of the Phagan family would not be victimized by a newshungry press. They contacted Ron Mertz, who wrote the article about Mary Phagan, and told him of his mistake. He asked if the narrator would consider an article or series of articles about himself. A few months later, the narrator contacted the staff in Tennessee, telling him that he wanted to meet Alonzo Mann and asking if he could make arrangements. On July 19, the narrator met Alonzo Mann, Jerry Thompson, and Robert Sherborne at the narrator's home. The narrator was concerned that they were doing the right thing, but when he met Mr. Mann he knew they were doing the right thing. They spend an hour going through the narrator's huge scrapbook of the murder of Mary Phagan. The most important detail of this text is that of the relationship between the narrator and the witnesses to the murder of Mary Phagan. The narrator reads to the witness an article from Tennessee about a visit to the grave of the narrator's great-aunt, and the two become friends. The narrator then asks the witness to make more formal statements, such as where he was born, how long he said he lived in Atlanta, how long he worked for Mr. Frank, and whether he had met Mary Phagan. started asking questions. Finally, the narrator asked how long he had been working for Mr. Frank and whether he had seen her with her eyes. Finally, the narrator asked how long she had been working for Mr. Frank and if he had ever seen her. The narrator has been working at the pencil factory for several months, contradicting her father's view that Mr. Mann was only there for a week. The narrator noticed that Mr. Mann seemed tired and her voice was weakening. He recently had heart surgery and now wears a pacemaker. The narrator is 28 years old and has a heart condition. The narrator said that after meeting Jim Conley, he went home and told his mother what he had seen. When investigators arrived at her home, she asked when she had left.



⁣The most important detail in the document is Mr. Mann's story and his attempt to get Leo Frank pardoned. Mr. Mann faced the challenge of publicizing and telling the world what he thought he had seen. He asked the author to tell the commission again that Leo Frank deserved a pardon, but the author felt it was impossible. On July 20th, the author received Thunderbolt #290 from the current Ku Klux Klan Society. He opposed any person or organization wishing to honor Little Mary Phagan, but he opposed any individual or organization using Little Mary Phagan's death to their own detriment. He wrote to the Anti-Defamation League in Atlanta and received a letter from Stuart Lewengrab that said: The KKK has reproduced Judge Randall Evans Jr.'s testimony from the May 15, 1983 Augusta Chronicle Herald on Leo Frank's appeal to the Georgia Supreme Court. The Supreme Court unanimously upheld the conviction, but Justices Fish and Beck disagreed on the admission of certain evidence. Frank then filed an extraordinary petition for a new trial with Supreme Court Justice Hill, which was denied, and on June 6, 1914, the Georgia Supreme Court unanimously upheld the decision. Frank then refiled his motion to reverse the judge's ruling against Hill, but the motion was denied. According to filings, two impartial Fulton County Superior Court judges, 12 impartial Fulton County jurors, and six impartial Georgia Supreme Court judges all confirmed that Leo Frank was legally tried and convicted. agreed to be sentenced to death by hanging. The Jewish community across the United States tried to defend Frank for being convicted because he was Jewish. An important detail of this document is that Governor John M. Slayton, on the last day of his presidency, commuted Leo Frank's sentence to life imprisonment, and accordingly applied the appropriate judicial policies established by the Fulton County Superior Court and the Supreme Court. It means that it was done. Stopped and overturned by Georgia. Much of the anger of Jewish communities across the country was directed at Thomas E. Kennedy. Thompson's Watson accused Watson of writing inflammatory articles to the Jeffersonian that contributed to Frank's conviction. The evidence was overwhelming, and Governor Slayton commuted Frank's sentence to life imprisonment, overturning and overturning due process established by the Fulton County Superior Court and the Georgia Supreme Court.

Much of the ire of Jewish communities across the country was directed at Thompson's Thomas E. Watson, who accused Watson of writing inflammatory articles in the Jeffersonian that contributed to Frank's conviction. A key detail in the document is that a new witness, Alonzo Mann, was first discovered and said he saw a black man with the body of Mary Phagan in the basement of the factory building. The archives department even wrote in one of its publications that the new evidence seemed to prove Frank's innocence. However, the authors point out that this is not new evidence and that during the trial it was revealed that Jim Conley carried the body to the basement. This correspondence is now part of the Archives Department. The suggestion that the governor or parole board can pardon the dead is utterly absurd.

The Constitution of Georgia provides that the legislative, judicial and executive powers shall remain separate and distinct. The Executive Department has no power to reverse, change, or wipe out a decision by the courts, albeit while the prisoner is in life, he may be pardoned, but a deceased party cannot be a party to legal proceedings. Pardon must be granted the principle upon his application or be evidenced by ratification of the application by his acceptance of it. It is too late now for any consideration to be given a pardon for Leo Frank, as pardon can only be granted to a person in life, not to a dead person. The author and his father were interested in the statements made by Judge Randall Evans, who had been told that the Phagan family were the only ones who had objected to a posthumous pardon for Leo Frank.

They felt that the judge made some important and relevant points, and they had to verify the statements concerning the pardon to find out whether the consideration of the application by the Board was indeed illegal. Mike Wing of the Pardons and Paroles Board was supportive of the author's request for a copy of the governing rules and consideration for a pardon. He learned that the application for pardon filed was indeed illegal and that there were only two instances in which a pardon could be granted according to the rules of the Board. On July 22, the author went to Nashville to meet the entire Tennesseeean staff, including John Segenthaler, the president and publisher, Jerry Thompson, Robert Sherbourne, and Sandra Roberts. On the wall of John Seagenthaler's office was a picture of the jury that convicted Leo Frank, which will remain there until a pardon is granted.

Mr. Segantholer said the staff was very cordial, courteous, and helpful to the author, and they shared their opinions, both pro and con, and remained strong in them. Mr. Segenthaler and the narrator discussed the possibility of a posthumous pardon, but Mr. Segenthaler felt that no complete proof of evidence could be submitted. The narrator realized that their opinions were as strong as their father's and that a posthumous pardon should not be granted unless there was complete proof of evidence. Later that evening, the staff allowed the narrator to go through Sandra's research files and determine what materials they would like to photocopy. Alonzo Mann called the narrator on July 26 to let him know he had received a letter from a Phagan and thought the narrator would be the most appropriate person to have it.

Frank Ritter of the Tennessean called the narrator on July 28 to ask him to let him know when they made a decision about going public. He added that no matter what, he supported the narrator.

⁣Sandra Roberts called the narrator to a meeting with Bill Gronick, president of the American Jewish Committee, and Miles Alexander, an attorney, on August 3. They had concerns about the Phagan family and wanted the narrator to share their views. The narrator told them they didn't condemn or object to the Phagan family, but they objected to a pardon unless complete proof of evidence could be substantiated. They wanted to know how the narrator would deal with the situation if they were Leo Frank's great niece. On August 8, 1983, the narrator and her father met with Mike Wing of the Board of Pardons and Paroles.

The narrator drove to their parents' home in Decatur and they agreed to ride Marta, the rapid transit system in Atlanta. The narrator recollected stories and spoke of childhood memories, and the narrator expressed proud feelings for his father. The narrator was as proud of the narrator as he was of the narrator. Celis Moore and Mike Wing met at 02:00 p.m. and discussed the idea of a posthumous pardon for Leo Frank.

Moore informed Mike that the Phagan family was opposed to the granting of a posthumous pardon because there was no absolute proof of Frank's innocence. He felt that Alonzo Mann's affidavit offered no proof, but was merely Mann's opinion that Frank did not commit the murder. Moore also pointed out that those who were seeking the pardon chose to impose today's judicial standards for a trial that occurred in 1913. Moore felt that any person or organization could and should have the right to pay little Mary Phagan tribute as long as it wasn't for their own prejudicial purposes. Mike told them that Judge Randall Evans, Jr., who was quoted in the Thunderbolt, was not a member of the Klan and felt that the courts of Georgia should be upheld in dealing with the Leo Frank case.

Edgar Neely, the attorney who also opposed the pardon, was also present. The most important details in this text are the events leading up to the application for a posthumous pardon for Leo Frank. On August 9, 1983, Edgar Neely wrote a letter to the board stating his opposition to the pardon. On August 20, 1983, the author decided to acknowledge their name and legacy to the press. On September 1, the Marietta Daily Journal reported that the Pardons and Paroles Board should reconsider the case, and Governor Harris was quoted as saying that the case deserves reconsideration. Governor Harris did not say whether he would recommend a posthumous pardon for Frank.

⁣Dr. Ku Klux Klan's new leader, Edward Fields of Marietta, has planned a KKK march from Marietta Square to Mary Phagan's grave on Saturday, September 3rd. About 100 to 150 members of the family were expected to attend a service in memory of Mary Phagan. Marietta Mayor Bob Fronoy announced that a service for those opposed to the KKK rally would be held at First Baptist Church at 148 Church Street in Marietta. On Sept. 5, Tennessee state officials Frank Ritter, Sandra Roberts, and photographer Pat Casey arrived at the author's home, grilled hot dogs and hamburgers outside, and began the interview. . The author's father did most of the talking, and the rest of the family listened intently. When he read the inscription, he was overwhelmed with emotion and cried. His tears made the author cry. The story of Tennessee's "Little Mary Phagan Can't Be Forgotten" is written honestly, concisely, and with a sensitive feeling towards the author. On September 7, Darwood McAllister of the Atlanta Journal wrote an editorial statement on the Frank case. He considered the Klan march a futile attempt to ensure the survival of the Klan, and used the posthumous pardon of Leo Frank as an excuse. He also said that 10 years after the murder, journalists of the Atlantic Constitution found new evidence pointing to Frank's innocence. But prominent Atlanta Jews persuaded newspapers to withhold the story, fearing it would have new repercussions. The author and his father contacted the journal's Ron Mertz and told him they were ready to go public in Georgia. On September 14, the Atlanta Journal published a letter from Randall Evans, Jr. in response to McAllister's editorial opinion. The article reminded readers that Georgia law has no authority to pardon the dead. Justice Evans succinctly expressed his views in response to Darwood McAllister's statement. The story of Ron Mertz, published in the Atlanta Journal on September 22, 1983, represented a step forward for the Phagan family, but one that prevented them from going backwards. On September 20, 783, the Board of Directors allowed the Phagan family to speak on the Board, including Mobley Hall Chairman Mamie Reese, James Morris, Michael Wing, and Wayne Snow, Jr. was The Board of Directors did not know of the existence of the Phagans until they received a report from Mike Wing. They were concerned about the feelings of the Phagan family and felt they could share that with the entire board.

James Phagan and Mary Phagan are direct descendants of Little Mary Phagan. They came to share their views and opinions on the posthumous pardon request for Leo Frank, who was convicted of the murder of Little Mary Phagan. Due to the large number of articles, editorials and opinions published by both the newspaper and television stations, and external pressure from the Senate, the newspaper allowed an interview with Atlanta Journal contributor Ron Mertz. They are concerned that they will be granted a posthumous pardon, and if they can find evidence in court to prove Leo Frank's innocence in the murder of Little Mary Phagan, they will be willing to come forward and let the world know.

⁣The foremost critical subtle elements in this content are the occasions encompassing the lynching of Leo Straight to the point in 1983. On December 22, 1983, the Board of Pardons and Paroles reported its choice, which weighed intensely on the author's intellect within the taking after months. Amid that time, the Modern York Times, Washington Post and US magazine sent correspondents to meet the creator and her father, and one of the columnists told the creator through and through that their granddad and father had been lying which Leo Straight to the point was guiltless. On December 23, 1983, the author's father went to the state capitol building where the board was to report its choice. When they arrived at Bernard's guardians domestic, Bernard's mother couldn't hold up to tell the creator that the ask for a after death exculpate for Leo Straight to the point had been denied.

The author's father had cleared out Atlanta that morning for Michigan to spend Christmas with Bernard's family, and when they arrived, Bernard's mother couldn't hold up to tell the creator that the ask for a after death exculpate for Leo Straight to the point had been denied. The Leo Straight to the point case was a riddle 70 a long time after it started. The board had organized an examination staff beneath the direction of Chairman Celis Moore and displayed prove such as daily paper accounts, the trial brief, books and letters, at the side brief outlines. Alonzo Mann's declaration was the primary to be assessed, but the board felt it only cast question on Jim Conley's declaration. The board set around to recreate something that happened 70 a long time back, but all the performing artists were expired but Alonzo Mann.

No other witnesses showed up, no one uncovered up to this time mystery fabric, and there was no concrete prove of a confession by Jim Conley. In spite of the entry of time, the Leo Straight to the point case remained a riddle. The foremost vital points of interest in this content are that Leo M. Straight to the point was found blameworthy in Fulton Province Prevalent Court of the kill of Mary Phagan on Admirable 25. The Board of Pardons and Paroles announced that the lynching of Leo Straight to the point and the truth that no one was brought to equity for that wrongdoing could be a recolor upon the state of Georgia which allowing a after death acquit cannot remove. The Board moreover announced that the lynching of Leo Straight to the point and the truth that no one was brought to equity for that wrongdoing may be a recolor upon the state of Georgia which allowing a after death acquit cannot expel.

The Board moreover announced that the lynching of Leo Frank and the truth that no one was brought to equity for that wrongdoing may be a recolor upon the state of Georgia which allowing a after death acquit cannot evacuate. Leo M. Straight to the point was sentenced to passing by hanging for nearly two a long time and was requested to the most noteworthy levels within the state and government court framework. On June 21, 915, senator John M. Slayton commuted the sentence of passing to life detainment. On Eminent 17, 1915, a gather of men took Leo M. Straight to the point by drive from the state jail at Millageville, transported him to Cobb District, Georgia, and lynched him. On January 4, 1983, the Board gotten an application from the AntiDefamation Association of Bennet Brith, the American Jewish Committee, and the Atlanta Jewish Federation, Incorporated, asking a full acquit excusing Leo M. Frank straight to the point of blame of the offense of killing someone (first degree murder).

⁣The court granted the petitioners a full pardon, and the only basis for exoneration of the murders for which Leo M. Frank was convicted was conclusive evidence that Frank was innocent. recommended. The burden of proof on this is on the applicant.



⁣The information submitted to the parole board in this matter is considerable. The affidavit of Alonzo Mann, dated March 4, 1982, is accompanied by numerous other documents submitted in support of the pardon. Mann made statements to journalists Jerry Thompson and Robert Sherbourne, which were videotaped and recorded by a court reporter in the presence of representatives of the parole board. Mann's major point was that upon reentering the front door of the National Pencil Company building on April 26, 1913, he saw the limp form of a young girl in the arms of Jim Conley on the first floor. Governor Slayton concluded that the elevator was not used to transport the body of Mary Phagan to the basement.

Briefs have been submitted in opposition to the pardon, citing evidence and information to support that view, and letters have been received reflecting opinions in support of and in opposition to the pardon. The brief of trial evidence obtained from the Supreme Court of Georgia contains all the testimony given at the trial, which is the foundation upon which most arguments on both sides of the issue are based. The lynching of Leo Frank and the fact that no one was brought to justice for that crime is a stain upon the State of Georgia which, granting a posthumous pardon cannot remove. 70 years have passed since the crime was committed, and no principals or witnesses, with the exception of Alonzo Mann, are still living. After an exhaustive review and many hours of deliberation, it is impossible to decide conclusively the guilt or innocence of Leo M. Frank.

For the Board to grant such a pardon, the innocence of the subject must be shown conclusively. Therefore, the Board hereby denies the application for a posthumous pardon for Leo M. Frank. Dale Schwartz had declared Alonzo Mann's testimony credible, but the board members doubted its value as concrete evidence. Even if Jim Conley had lied, the board argued, it did not mean that Frank was innocent. The pardon application for Leo Frank was motivated by extra legal goals, but it also spoke of the pardon process as within the structure of the judicial process.

The application cited federal court cases to justify standing to seek a pardon. The petitioners, in attempting to repudiate antisemitism, represented their attempt as a legal effort to repudiate the libel against the Atlanta Jewish community and injury. The conclusion of the pardon application read, "The public good will be served, a historic injustice will be corrected, a 70 year libel against the Jewish community of Georgia will finally be set aside, and the soul of Leo Frank will at last rest in peace." The evidence in Man's testimony and the collective weight of people believed in Frank's innocence in 1915 provided the claim for Frank's innocence. However, the leaders of the pardon effort tied the extra legal justifications for the pardon and their procedural mindset very tightly together, leading to claims of innocence that were not easily justified. Dale Schwartz publicly responded to the passage in the board's statement which said that Frank's innocence was not proved beyond any doubt, yet the pardon application itself stated that Leo Frank was innocent to a mathematical certainty.

The response to the board's denial of pardon was immediate and vociferous, with the Atlanta Constitution running an editorial cartoon showing three men labeled as board members packing away a crate. Television and radio broadcasters took up the cry, as did the three groups who had filed for the posthumous pardon. Board members, convinced of the sincerity of their investigation and decision, also proclaimed themselves in shock. Hundreds of letters criticizing the decision came into the board weekly, but the author felt that the board made a fair decision from the start.

⁣The information submitted to the parole board in this matter is important. Alonzo Mann's March 4, 1982 affidavit is accompanied by a number of other documents submitted in support of the pardon. Mr. Mann made statements to journalists Jerry Thompson and Robert Sherborne, which were videotaped by court reporters in the presence of parole board officials. Mann's point is that when he re-entered the front door of the National Pencil Company building on April 26, 1913, he saw a limp little girl on the ground floor in Jim Conley's arms. Met. Governor Slayton concluded that the elevator was not used to transport Mary Phagan's body to the basement. Petitions were filed against the amnesty, citing evidence and information to support its views, and letters were received expressing opinions in favor of and against the amnesty. Evidence obtained from the Georgia Supreme Court includes all statements made during the trial and is the basis for most of the discussion on both sides of the issue. The lynching of Leo Frank and the fact that no one was brought to justice for his crimes is a stain on Georgia that his posthumous pardon will not remove. Seventy years have passed since the incident occurred, and with the exception of Alonzo Mann, there are no main culprits or witnesses alive. After extensive research and hours of deliberation, it is impossible to conclusively determine the guilt or innocence of Leo M. Justin. Frank.

In order for a court to grant such a pardon, the innocence of those involved must be conclusively proven. Accordingly, the Commission hereby denies the claim for posthumous pardon against Leo M. Frank. While Dale Schwartz said Alonzo Mann's testimony was credible, board members questioned its value as concrete evidence. The board argued that even if Jim Conley lied, it didn't mean Frank was innocent. Leo Franck's pardon request was motivated by an additional legal purpose, but it also referred to the pardon process as part of the structure of the court process.

The lawsuit cited federal court cases to justify eligibility for amnesty. Petitioners presented their attempt to reject anti-Semitism as a legal attempt to reject defamation and infringement of Atlanta's Jewish community. The conclusion of the pardon petition is that "the public interest will be realized, historical injustice will be righted, 70 years of defamation against Georgia's Jewish community will finally be shelved, and Leo Frank's soul will finally rest." was written. The combined weight of human testimony evidence and those who believed Frank's innocence in 1915 supported Frank's claims of innocence. However, the leaders of the amnesty effort have so closely associated additional legal justifications and procedural ideas for pardons that they have resulted in claims of innocence that are not easily substantiated. Dale Schwartz publicly reacted to passages in the commission's statement that Frank's innocence had not been proven beyond a reasonable doubt, but the pardon petition itself was written by Leo Frank with mathematical certainty. said he was innocent.

The response to the board's pardon refusal was immediate and vocal, with the Atlanta Constitution running an editorial cartoon depicting three men nominated for board membership packing a box. Television and radio stations responded to the call, as did the three groups that had sought posthumous amnesty.



⁣The information submitted to the parole board in this matter is important. Alonzo Mann's March 4, 1982 affidavit is accompanied by a number of other documents submitted in support of the pardon. Mr. Mann made statements to journalists Jerry Thompson and Robert Sherborne, which were videotaped by court reporters in the presence of parole board officials. Mann's point is that when he re-entered the front door of the National Pencil Company building on April 26, 1913, he saw a limp little girl on the ground floor in Jim Conley's arms. Met. Governor Slayton concluded that the elevator was not used to transport Mary Phagan's body to the basement. Petitions were filed against the amnesty, citing evidence and information to support its views, and letters were received expressing opinions in favor of and against the amnesty. Evidence obtained from the Georgia Supreme Court includes all statements made during the trial and is the basis for most of the arguments on both sides of the issue. The lynching of Leo Frank and the fact that no one was brought to justice for his crimes is a stain on Georgia that his posthumous pardon will not remove. Seventy years have passed since the incident, and with the exception of Alonzo Mann, none of the clients or witnesses have survived. After extensive research and hours of deliberation, it is impossible to conclusively determine the guilt or innocence of Leo M. Justin. Frank.

In order for a court to grant such a pardon, the innocence of those involved must be conclusively proven. Accordingly, the Commission hereby denies the claim for posthumous pardon against Leo M. Frank. While Dale Schwartz said Alonzo Mann's testimony was credible, board members questioned its value as concrete evidence. The board argued that even if Jim Conley lied, it didn't mean Frank was innocent. Leo Frank's pardon request was motivated by an additional legal purpose, but it also touched on the pardon process as part of the structure of the court process.

The lawsuit cited federal court cases to justify eligibility for amnesty. Petitioners presented their attempt to reject anti-Semitism as a legal attempt to reject defamation and infringement of Atlanta's Jewish community. The pardon petition concludes: "The common good is done, historic injustices are righted, 70 years of defamation against Georgia's Jewish community is finally shelved, and Leo Frank's soul is finally at rest. Let's go" was written. The combined weight of human testimony evidence and those who believed Frank's innocence in 1915 supported Frank's claims of innocence. However, the leaders of the amnesty effort have so closely associated additional legal justifications and procedural ideas for pardons that they have resulted in claims of innocence that are not easily substantiated. Dale Schwartz publicly responded to passages in the House Opinion that said Frank's innocence had not been proven beyond a reasonable doubt, but the pardon petition itself held that Leo Frank was mathematically innocent ⁣The information submitted to the parole board in this matter is important. Alonzo Mann's March 4, 1982 affidavit is accompanied by a number of other documents submitted in support of the pardon. Mr. Mann made statements to journalists Jerry Thompson and Robert Sherborne, which were videotaped by court reporters in the presence of parole board officials. Mann's point is that when he re-entered the front door of the National Pencil Company building on April 26, 1913, he saw a limp little girl on the ground floor in Jim Conley's arms. Met. Governor Slayton concluded that the elevator was not used to transport Mary Phagan's body to the basement. Petitions were filed against the amnesty, citing evidence and information to support its views, and letters were received expressing opinions in favor of and against the amnesty. Evidence obtained from the Georgia Supreme Court includes all statements made during the trial and is the basis for most of the arguments on both sides of the issue. The lynching of Leo Frank and the fact that no one was brought to justice for his crimes is a stain on Georgia that his posthumous pardon will not remove. Seventy years have passed since the incident, and with the exception of Alonzo Mann, none of the clients or witnesses have survived. After extensive research and hours of deliberation, it is impossible to conclusively determine the guilt or innocence of Leo M. Justin. Frank.

In order for a court to grant such a pardon, the innocence of those involved must be conclusively proven. Accordingly, the Commission hereby denies the claim for posthumous pardon against Leo M. Frank. While Dale Schwartz said Alonzo Mann's testimony was credible, board members questioned its value as concrete evidence. The board argued that even if Jim Conley lied, it didn't mean Frank was innocent. Leo Frank's pardon request was motivated by an additional legal purpose, but it also touched on the pardon process as part of the structure of the court process.

The lawsuit cited federal court cases to justify eligibility for amnesty. Petitioners presented their attempt to reject anti-Semitism as a legal attempt to reject defamation and infringement of Atlanta's Jewish community. The pardon petition concludes: "The common good is done, historic injustices are righted, 70 years of defamation against Georgia's Jewish community is finally shelved, and Leo Frank's soul is finally at rest. Let's go" was written. The combined weight of human testimony evidence and those who believed Frank's innocence in 1915 supported Frank's claims of innocence. However, the leaders of the amnesty effort have so closely associated additional legal justifications and procedural ideas for pardons that they have resulted in claims of innocence that are not easily substantiated. Dale Schwartz publicly responded to passages in the House Opinion that said Frank's innocence had not been proven beyond a reasonable doubt, but the pardon petition itself held that Leo Frank was innocent with an absolute certainty.

⁣The response to the Board's refusal to pardon was immediate and vocal, with the Atlanta Constitution running an editorial cartoon depicting three men nominated for Board membership packing a box. Television and radio stations responded to the call, as did the three groups that had sought posthumous amnesty. Board members who were convinced of the seriousness of the investigation and decision were also shocked. Although I received hundreds of letters every week criticizing the decision, I felt that the Board had made a fair decision from the beginning.

⁣The court said complete and fresh evidence had to be presented before a posthumous pardon could be granted. Alonzo Mann's testimony was not new evidence and did not prove that Leo Frank did not murder young Mary Phagan. The Atlanta Journal said the state of Georgia refused to clear Leo Frank's name, which is not true. There are plenty of people in Georgia who have no relationship with Mary Phagan, are not fanatics, and find Leo Frank guilty. The author's father petitioned the local television station to refute Zeit's editorial statement regarding the amnesty, but was denied. That phase is over for the rest of the world, not the author's family. The denial of a posthumous pardon was only a temporary respite, and the horror show continued.

⁣The narrator was nervous and excited as he waited for the Tennessee staff to arrive. They discussed the Mary Phagan Leo Frank case and how the evidence came to light. One of the reporters, Jerry Thompson, explained that he worked undercover with the KKK for over a year and crafted a story about the current KKK. When they found out he was a reporter, they hired security guards to protect him and his home. Alonzo Mann's nephew, Bob Mann, told Jerry that his uncle had witnessed a murder in Atlanta in 1913, but gave no further details. Intrigued, Jerry consulted a publisher, who agreed to publish a series of stories about the sentencing of innocent people. At the time, the series was considered low profile, but Jerry had never heard of Mary Phagan or Leo Frank. Jerry met a rabbi who mentioned Leo Frank and the story took precedence. Alonzo Man liked Leo Frank and was relieved by Frank's commutation. Newspaper staff invited the author to a press conference on April 1 at the Jewish Community Center in Atlanta. The authors agreed but requested anonymity. The room was a typical conference area, filled with reporters who were either invited to be present or interested in the case. The state of Tennessee and its officials were skeptical that the author would make any statements and had no idea what he was going to present to the Jewish community, so they agreed that anonymity was best. As they entered the room, the Tennessee staff asked the author to sit next to them. Tennessee reporters Jerry Thompson and Robert Sherborne introduced the Jewish community to a review of the evidence of Leo Frank's innocence. Most of the questions concerned the effect of Alonzo Mann's affidavit as the missing evidence conclusively proving Leo Frank's innocence. One of the questions concerned the Phagan family, and Jerry Thompson said that some members of the Phagan family continued to believe in the guilt of convicted Leo Frank, while others tried to be objective. Stated. The author tried to be objective, but found it difficult to do so because of the emotion involved. The meeting was called off on the grounds that Leo Frank's posthumous pardon would likely cause problems for the gubernatorial election. The speaker acknowledged that Jerry Thompson and Robert Sherborne, in presenting evidence to the Jewish community, concluded that Alonzo Mann's conclusions were true and could not be so objective. rice field. The speaker's grandfather and father kept telling the story of young Mary Phagan, and always told of Leo Frank's conviction for murdering her. How could the speaker reconcile her two opinions?On April 4, just three days after the press conference, her youngest brother Michael died. The speaker was the oldest and he was the youngest, but they both respected each other more than he thought.

⁣Michael went through many difficult times in his life, but his family supported him. His death devastated his family, but they never stopped loving him. Michael was buried next to his grandfather and the family laid flowers at each grave. An article appeared in the East Cobb Neighbor newspaper near Marietta on April 6. Jewish leaders are seeking ways to secure the posthumous innocence of Leo Frank, a fin-de-siècle Atlanta businessman who was convicted and lynched in the murder of Marietta. Witnesses in the case now say Frank killed. don't commit. One of the three journalists who covered the apparent new developments in the 69-year-old's case said he was willing to help clear Frank's name. Tennessee revealed in a copyright filing released last month that 82-year-old Bristol, Virginia resident Alonzo Mann said Frank's employees actually killed 14-year-old Mary Phagan. made it The April 1913 murder of a young girl at the National Pencil Company in Atlanta started her one of the most sensational legal episodes of the century. A key detail in this text is the twist in the Frank case that has once again thrown the Atlanta community into turmoil. Sherry Frank, who is independent of Leo Frank, the regional director of the American Jewish Commission, said Jewish leaders want Frank's possible innocence to be an issue in this year's gubernatorial election. said there is.

Gerald Cohen, vice president of the Atlanta Jewish Federation, said the new twist in the Frank case has set the Atlanta community back on its heels. Sherry Frank, no relation to Leo Frank, area director of the American Jewish Committee, said Jewish leaders would like to make a possible exoneration of Frank an issue in the gubernatorial race this year. Gerald Cohen, vice president of the Atlanta Jewish Federation, said the new twist in the Frank case has set the Atlanta community back on its heels. Sherry Frank, no relation to Leo Frank, area director of the American Jewish Committee, said Jewish leaders would like to make a possible exoneration of Frank an issue in the gubernatorial race this year. Gerald Cohen, vice president of the Atlanta Jewish Federation, said the new twist in the Frank case The most important details in this text are that the speaker witnessed two conflicting cultures in the Jewish Community Center in Atlanta: a mass of people convinced that one of their brothers was brutally and unjustly lynched, and a small woman who bears not only the name but also the face and figure of an aunt that she will never know. The speaker also felt her devotion to her family and heritage, which would always carry the burden of the senseless slaughter of a beautiful girl. The speaker also met with Mr. Siegon Thaler, who expressed concern and curiosity about the speaker's response to the recurrence of the Phagan-Frank affair. He promised that if the chair decided to issue a public statement on the matter, he would respond immediately around the world. An important detail of this text is that Tennessee reprints the narrator's or father's statements, such as Frank's belief in guilt or innocence and his reaction to new evidence in Alonzo Mann's testimony. The narrator is surprised when John makes a final suggestion that breaks the cardinal rules of journalism.

⁣The narrator was convinced he had a new friend in Nashville who wanted to feel this story in his heart. The narrator felt sorry for the narrator and knew not to ask anything that would make them uncomfortable. This letter also made the narrator see something else in himself.
⁣
⁣Mary Phagan was fighting her legacy at the Atlanta Jewish Community Center when she read and reread her brother's letter. She wrote Sandra to tell her of her brother's death and reiterated that she would not make a public statement concerning Alonzo Mann's affidavit at that time. Sandra responded with a warm and sympathetic letter. Sherry Condor, a librarian at Georgia State Library and Archives, did her master's thesis on Governor Sleighton and knows a lot about the case. Mary apologized for Michael's death and asked if and when she decides to say something, please let the Tennessean have a little warning.

While reading through the newspaper articles she'd collected, she came across the name Mike Wing, a member of the Georgia State Board of Pardons and Paroles. Mike Wing was shocked to learn that there were surviving close family members of Mary Phagan, and that the family was anxious to be notified of any information brought before the media. He asked to be informed if an application for a posthumous pardon for Leo Frank was received, as it would ensure that if the story broke, he was responsive during the conversation. He was curious about the fact that the Phagan family had never publicly acknowledged themselves, and explained that the murder had been a deeply traumatic event whose reverberations still felt. He said he felt certain an application would be filed.

He took Mary Phagan's address and phone number and those of her father's. The most important details in this text are that the narrator had called Mike Wing and felt confident that if he did indeed receive a posthumous pardon application for Frank, he would inform them. However, the narrator's brother's death continued to cloud their life and they began to ask themselves questions about why he died and what the true value and purpose of their life was. In August, the narrator was the matron of honor and Amy's wedding. Amy and the narrator had remained close friends after the narrator left Florida, and Amy was there for the narrator when Michael died. The wedding was a beautiful Jewish ceremony, and the narrator learned many new things. The love and happiness shared was a healing force for the narrator.

⁣Alonzo Mann's testimony describes his experience when he appeared on the front page of the Atlanta Constitution in February 1978. He and his father noticed some inaccuracies in the article about Mary Phagan and felt it necessary to convey their opinion to the author. John Phagan Durham, son of Lizzie Mary Etta Phagan, went to Atlanta Constitutional Editor-in-Chief Sears and requested that the article be deleted. Mr. Sears replied that he could not stop the article, and that if the article offended the Phagans, he would apologize, and if it was factually wrong, he would correct it. John Phagan-Durham told Sears he would not make corrections because he was confident that the series had made the front page and corrections would not make it to the front page. The series renewed interest in the assassination of Little Mary Phagan and its aftermath. People wanted to know more about the trial and the lynching, and whether anyone from Phagan was involved in the lynching. Alonzo Mann became more eloquent about the incident. Bernard and the narrator had never heard of young Mary Phagan, but one night Bernard told them that a girl named after the narrator had been murdered. The narrator tells him what happened and why the Phagan family has remained silent. Bernard and the narrator drive to Marietta to visit Mary's grave. The cemetery was located in a wealthy area of ​​the cemetery and had a marble headstone bearing her name and an inscription written by Tom Watson. The narrator quickly memorized the inscription and took a picture of Maria for scrapbooking. A middle-aged couple approached the narrator and asked if he knew where Little Mary Phagan's grave was. Her newspaper article rekindled interest in her, and the narrator was impressed by her relatives' refusal to seek public attention and their desire to remain anonymous. That year, 1978, was a year full of beginnings and innovations for the narrator, including when her father contacted a reporter to acknowledge her relationship with Mary for the first time. A few days after the accident, the narrator decides to check on the elderly woman who hit her car and see if she has filed insurance papers. As she opens the door, the narrator explains that it was she who was involved in the accident and is checking to see if she has filed her insurance papers. The narrator meets a woman who is blind and deaf and needs help filling out her form. She asked the narrator if they were related to Little Mary Phagan, and the narrator filled out her paperwork and read it through her magnifying glass. The woman then asked the narrator if she was related to Little Mary Phagan, to which she replied that the narrator was. Her wife then told the narrator about her life at the time and the changes she had undergone in her 92 years. The narrator had a great time and was invited to lunch with the lady. Her lady found the narrator listening to herself carefully, and the next day the narrator again received an invitation to lunch.

⁣The document's most important detail is the events surrounding the assassination of Little Mary Phagan. In 1980, Bernard and the narrator moved to Cobb County, quit their jobs at Griffin Cesa, and began working for the Cherokee County Board of Education in Canton, Georgia. When school started in August, the narrators were introduced to the principals they would be working for. At one school, the principal asked the narrator if they were related to Little Mary Phagan. The narrator is introduced to Alonzo Mann, a man who claims to have seen Jim Conley with Mary Phagan's body. Mann, now 83 and based in Virginia, appeared calm and competent while discussing these events. He claimed that he had been trying to tell what he had seen for years, but no one was interested. Alonzo Mann, a World War I soldier who said he knew Leo Frank did not kill Mary Phagan, got into a heated argument with another soldier who happened to be from Georgia. Over the years he told his wife, relatives and friends his story. He told an Atlanta newspaper reporter in the 1950s that he refused to fuel the anti-Semitism that had gripped Atlanta during the trial. Mann agreed to a lie detector test and a psychological stress analysis, both of which found him to be consistently telling the truth. His story is a new twist on facts presented since 1913, in which he said he was told by Jim Conley that he would kill him if he told anyone. He went home and he repeated to his mother what he had seen and what Conley had told him. After nearly 70 years of silence, he decided to come forward to find peace of mind. His father and I debated the veracity of his statement and decided to remain silent until the sensationalism of this story wore off. In March 1782, Nashville, Tennessee published a special appendix entitled "An Innocent Man Was Lynched," which included quotes from Leo Frank's letter from prison, Alonzo Mann's testimony, Mary - included a photo of him at Phagan's grave. This supplement was nominated for a Pulitzer Prize. During this time, reporters from the Tennessee team began planning the book and spoke with the producers of the TV miniseries "Winds of War." Another local reporter, Cassandra Clayton, reported on interviews with lynch mob member Bernie Ducart's brother, Jasper Yeomans, son of Leo Frank's defense attorney, and Stuart Lewengrab of the Anti-Defamation League. Phagan's family refused the agency's requests for interviews, tired of having their names dragged into the quagmire. On March 8, 1982, a review of the case concluded that a posthumous pardon for Leo Frank was unlikely.

⁣Alonzo McClendon Mann was 83 years old and was Leo M. Frank's clerk when he was convicted of the murder of Mary Phagan. The then 14-year-old was called as a witness in a murder trial. He didn't tell all he knew, and he wasn't questioned about what he knew. He is currently suffering from heart disease and had to undergo surgery to have a pacemaker implanted. He wanted the public to understand that Leo Frank did not kill Mary Phagan and that Jim Conley, the key witness against Leo Frank, lied under oath. ing.

He is convinced that he killed Mary Phagan, not Leo Frank, and that he alone disposed of her body. Jim Conley threatened to kill him if he told him what he knew. His mother insisted he not interfere and told him to keep quiet. He never expected Leo Frank to be convicted. The text's most important detail is the murder of 14-year-old Mary Phagan, witnessed by the narrator on Confederate Day 1913.

The narrator's mother tells Frank that she kept what she saw a secret, and when he testified at Frank's trial, they had no idea what he knew. The narrator was nervous and anxious because of the angry crowds in the streets that day, yelling, "Kill the Jews!" The narrator had a speech impediment and had difficulty pronouncing the "R" in Frank's name. The lawyers looked at me and said that it was obvious that I didn't know and that they would remove me from the witness stand because I was young. After being found guilty, the narrator's mother told him there was nothing she could do to change the jury's verdict.

The narrator remains silent, after which Frank is lynched by mobs in Marietta, Georgia. An important detail in this text is that the narrator, Alonzo, was asked for 10 cents to buy beer from Jim Conley. Alonzo said he had some money in his pocket, but he had previously given Conley nickels or dimes for beer. After telling Conley that he has no money, the narrator climbs the stairs to the second floor of Leo Frank's office, where her desk is located. Leo Frank arrived at the building shortly after the narrator and spoke to the narrator.

He called the narrator Mr. Frank and called the narrator his first name, Alonzo. A deputy secretary was working for Leo Frank that morning, and it was customary for the narrator to be in the office on Saturday mornings. Although the factory portion of the company was closed on Memorial Day, people who worked in the factory that week came to the payroll desk in the office to pick up their paychecks. The narrator had seen Mary Phagan at the factory and she knew her face. When the narrator left the premises shortly before noon, Mary Phagan had not come to pick up her paycheck.

She said the narrator told Ms. Frank that she wanted her mother to meet her to go to the Confederate Memorial Day parade. Mr. Frank agreed that the narrator would leave at this point and return to the office later that afternoon to complete the filing work.

⁣The narrator left the pencil factory just before noon and met his mother outside the shop on Whitehall Street. But when they arrive she is not there. The narrator then returns to work and witnesses key moments in the famous murder. Inside the building, the narrator confronts Jim Conley, the caretaker, holding the body of Mary Phagan in his arms. The narrator doesn't know if Mary Phagan is alive or dead, but he holds her in her arms and around her waist. The narrator cannot remember the color of her clothes, but we have the impression that she was dressed quite nicely. The narrator meets Jim Conley on the ground floor of an office building with the body of Mary Phagan. He was near the trapdoor leading to her basement on her ladder and tried to throw her out of her trapdoor. He said to the narrator, "I'll kill you if you say that," and the narrator rushed out the front door, fled the building, and took a tram home. At home, the narrator tells her mother what they have seen and heard from Jim Conley about the murder. The narrator's mother was very upset by what she saw at the factory that day. She told the narrator to step away from Jim Conley and go about his business as if nothing had happened. When their father came home, the narrator explained to her father what they had seen and what Conley had told them. Her narrator's mother, a strong-willed woman thirty years younger than her father, told her narrator what her mother wanted from her father. He later tells the narrator that Frank will never be found guilty. When investigators later questioned the narrator, he told only the part of the story up to the point where he went out to see his mother that day. Jim Conley was a key witness against Leo Frank. He testified that Frank called him into his office one afternoon that day and told him to take Mary Phagan's body to the basement. He tried to carry the body to the elevator, but it was too heavy and he swore he had dropped Mary Phagan. Conley said Frank lifted his leg and Conley lifted his torso.

⁣A key detail in the document is that Frank pulled the rope to lower the elevator, and that Conley claimed that they carried the body past the ground floor and into the basement without stopping. Mr. Conley said the body was taken from the second floor to the basement because it was on the first floor, but he did not tell the truth. Mary Phagan said she entered the building shortly after the narrator met her mother, and she was entitled to $1.20. Conley was taking money from her and packing her things when her narrator walked in. The narrator thinks her life might have been saved had she screamed for her help when she encountered Conley with her little girl in her arms that day. The narrator secretly spoke this word to a few others. The most important detail of this text is that of Leo Frank's imprisonment. The narrator told his late wife about it, but she insisted that it not be made public. He was convicted of false charges such as letting a woman into his office for immoral reasons and drinking there. Some witnesses lied, and the narrator was in the basement twice. The narrator believes it helps people understand that courts and juries make mistakes and it's good that everything comes out even at this late stage. The narrator believes it helps people understand that courts and juries make mistakes and it's good that everything comes out even at this late stage. On March 19, 1982, the narrator and her father went to Emory University's Woodruff Library to investigate the Mary Phagan-Leo Frank case. The librarian watched them curiously and asked the narrator what he thought of little Mary Phagan. They learned that Alonzo Mann was actually Leo Frank's clerk, working Saturdays two weeks before the murder took place. On March 23, 1982, the narrator wrote to Tennessee librarian Sandra Roberts, requesting two copies of The Tennessean. On March 26th, Ms. Sandra Roberts called me asking if I could come and deliver the newspaper in person before the newspaper staff arrived in Atlanta on March 31st.

⁣The narrator's father was always the one who represented their family's opinion when someone inquired about the Phagans. The narrator called his father to let him know about the meeting and to see if he could be there. His concern was that he wouldn't be able to be there, but wanted to make sure a friend, husband, or other family member would be able to do so as well.

⁣The Knights of Mary Phagan watched the tree from which Leo Frank was hung for at least a day and night. Two months after the lynching, the group climbed to the top of Stone Mountain outside Atlanta and burned a large cross. On October 26, 1915, William J. Simmons, a former Methodist minister and member of at least eight fraternal denominations, signed a petition to the state of Georgia to establish the Ku Klux Klan Order. On November 25, 1915, Simmons reconvened the group and once again climbed Stone He climbed the Mountain and Ku He opened a new invisible empire of his clan, Crux. Founded in 1867 in Nashville, Tennessee, the original Ku Klux Klan was a secret society aimed at restoring white supremacy in the South against the radical Republican Congressional Restoration policies.

In 1869, General Forrest ordered the clan to be abandoned and resigned as Grand Wizard. Local organizations survived, some for many years. Release of D.W. in 1915 Birth of the Griffith Nation Next The Ku Klux Klan exerts a powerful hold on local politics from the early 1920s, aided by veteran patrons and fundraiser Edward Y. Clarke and Elizabeth Tyler began to In 1920 he elected many state officials and a large number of legislators.

In 1926, David C. Stevenson was convicted of second-degree murder in the death of Madge Overhelser, who had been kidnapped, raped, and trafficked to Chicago from Irvington, Indiana. The incident sparked widespread dislike for the Klan in the 1930s, and its influence was irrevocably weakened. It was officially disbanded in 1944, but five years later a group of six southern states came together to try to reform the national system. In the civil rights era, the clan has raised its head again and is now recruiting members. In the months following the lynching, about 3,000 Jews fled Georgia in a boycott of Jewish businesses.

This was the catalyst for the revival of the family and the formation of the Benebris Anti-Defamation League. Leo Frank was the president of the Atlanta chapter of the Jewish Brotherhood Beneiblis, founded in 1843. At the time of his arrest, Leo Frank was president of the Atlanta chapter of the Jewish Fraternity Beneiblis. The Anti-Defamation League was formed four weeks after the Leo Frank trial ended. Dave Shari, the League's fourth National Chairman, said sooner or later Bennett Bliss would have founded the League, but Leo Frank's story has shocked America's Jewish community like never before. said.

Adolf Klaus, chairman of B'nai B'rit at the time, commented on the prevalence of prejudice and discrimination, saying that the situation was so serious that it had recently become a symptom of trying to influence a court that happened to be litigated by Jews. said to have appeared. The Anti-Defamation League works with the NAACP to debunk all media and disseminate information that corrects misconceptions about Judaism. This church exists thanks to Leo Frank and Mary Phagan. After Leo Frank's death, Lucille Frank became a pillar of Atlanta's Jewish community. Fanny Phagan Coleman sued the National Pencil Company for damages and won thousands of dollars.

Tom Watson was indicted and tried in a United States District Court for mailing obscene material, but was acquitted in 1916. He initially endorsed Hugh Dorsey for governor, but later ran for the United States Senate. ⁣Jim Conley served less than a year in prison as a chain gangster and was convicted of breaking into a business near the Fulton County Courthouse. He and his grandfather and aunt then had a famous family conversation about little Mary Phagan. In 1941, he was part of a group arrested by Atlanta police for gambling. In 1947 he was arrested again for drunkenness and died in 1962. Rumors of a deathbed confession to the murder of Mary Phagan continue to persist. On April 6, 1987, three members of the Anti-Defamation League spoke with three members of the Alliance. All three claimed the rumors were baseless. Publications, films, and plays about the Mary Phagan Leo Frank case began long before Leo Frank's lynching. Connolly reported on the trial in Collier Weekly, after which she published a book, The Truth About the Frank Case. Von Possen claims that Mary Phagan's head and shoulder teeth marks do not match Leo Frank's dental x-rays. Ward Green reported 419 36 deaths in the Deep South for 1937. Tom Watson wrote The Farm Rebel (1943), Go Home (1952), Guilty or Not Guilty (1956), The Knight Who Fell Into Georgia (1959), A Criminal Lawyer (1962). In 1967, he published The Little Girl Is Dead and The Case of Leo Frank. Since the murder of young Mary Phagan on April 26, 1913, countless murders have taken place in Georgia. Students, writers, and curious people have continued to visit the Georgia State Archives, Georgia State University, and Emory University to investigate the case, and many people still visit her grave to pay tribute to her. represents. It's Georgia and my story.

⁣Leo Frank's move from Fulton Tower to Mirageville Prison Farm was done with utmost secrecy and efficiency. He went to work in the fields and his health improved. Mirage Building superintendent James T. Smith told reporters he could protect his prison from attacks. On the night of July 17, twice-convicted murderer William Crean cut Frank's throat with a butcher knife, nearly severing his carotid artery. Director Smith called J. W. Smith investigates the case. Physician Leo Frank, serving a life sentence in Mirageville, was there for two weeks until his death. His two letters to his mother and his brother (one to his mother and one to his brother) give an idea of ​​his state of mind. Leo largely denies rumors that he is dead and alive. Simon Wolf has been very interested in Leo since he came here.

Leo is nearing his goal of good health and his wounds continue to heal rapidly. His appetite is still good and he steams apples for me. All that's left now is to get my strength back. He sits on his bed, but it will be a while before he can walk. An important detail in this text is the details of the incident that put the Order of Mary Phagan's plan to kidnap Frank on hold.

Tom Watson discussed the governor's pay cut order in Watson magazine, further fueling feelings about the order and against Slayton himself. Watson said that the arrogant governor of high society, gilded club life, and palatial surroundings proved to be lazy Pippin in the barrel of great honesty. The incident put on hold the well-conceived plan to kidnap Frank by the Knights of Mary Phagan. An important detail in the document is that Luther Rosser had been a partner of the Slayton Law Office since May 1913, and that the governor held a secret late-night meeting with Rosser before issuing the order. Late one night, Rosser drove down a side street, parked a block or two away from the governor's building, and walked down an alleyway.

He writes that Rosser went to Slayton's house and stayed there for hours until after midnight. According to Henry Borden, members of the public willingly acted as informants in the case. ⁣Operators, operators, elevator ladies, telegraph operators, and many others occupied the phones in Dorsey's home and office, and spoke few facts from work. One morning at 6:00 am: 12:00 a.m.: Dorsey spots the streetcar driver sitting on his doorstep and has all the information by the time Luther Rosser arrives at Governor Slayton's house the night before issuing the diversion order. rice field. Watson argued that Governor Slayton did not cross-examine Leo Frank or Jim Conley. Watson claimed there was unparalleled excrement in the elevator shaft, no bed mites in the pencil factory, no bed mites in the pencil factory, and hair on the second floor.

Barrett found her hair on the lathe handle early Monday morning and almost immediately attributed it to Mary Phagan because there was only one other girl with hair like Mary's Magnolia Kennedy. It turns out there is. Governor Slayton made it clear to the nation: Mr. Harris denied the merit of the state lawsuit. Ten days after Mary Phagan's death, her grave was opened and her hair removed from her head. Dr. Harris conducted a microscopic examination and found that the two specimens looked so similar that it was impossible to form a definite and definitive opinion as to whether they were taken from the same person's head. It turned out to be impossible. Mel Stanford, who worked for Frank for two years, testified that he cleaned the entire floor of the metal room on Friday, April 25.

He found a white hazelnut spot on the second floor near the dressing room that wasn't there on Friday. Deputy Commissioner and sworn attorney for the defendant, Herbert Schiff, testified that he saw the speck, as did other witnesses. Governor Slayton confirmed that the white substance Haskerin was found spread throughout the patch. Conley's Affidavit Conley was reluctant to betray his white superiors and denied any knowledge of his crimes. When he finally confessed, there was blood on Mary Phagan's panties and her vagina, suggesting some form of violence and sexual penetration prior to her death.

Governor Slayton claimed the bloodstains were due to a monthly illness. Annie Maud Carter's affidavit was rebutted, and both Conley and Carter swore that the letter had been tampered with and that the unprintable filth contained therein was a forgery. Philip Chambers and Herbert Schiff testified that the order forms were in the office next to Frank's and that the papers with the notes could be found throughout the factory. Monteen Stover's testimony indicates that Frank gave the exact time that the stenographer left at about 12:00 p.m.
00:00, or between 125:00 and 1210:00, or perhaps about 127:00, shortly after Mary Phagan arrived. Frank was unaware that Monteen Stover had entered his office, claiming he would be there at any moment.

Governor Slayton claimed that Frank must have been in the second office while Monteen Stover waited for him for five minutes, but she was looking for Frank in both the outside and inside offices, I swore the metal room door was closed. Where was Mary when Monteen was in the office from 12:05 to 12:00? Bloody fingerprints on the door. Why didn't Frank's attorney ask Jim Conley, the state's star witness, for fingerprinting? Judge Roan's statement that Judge Roan requested a reduced sentence.

Judge Roan's enthusiastic take on the facts and speculation of the case fueled fear, prejudice, and anger among the people of Atlanta, especially the working class, who were deeply affected by the tragedy of Mary Phagan's death. Watson's enthusiastic views of the facts and speculations about the case fueled fear, prejudice, and anger among the people of Atlanta, especially the working class, who were deeply affected by the tragedy of Mary Phagan's death. A group of about twenty men from the Order of Mary Phagan was selected to resume the mission to kidnap Leo Frank. Each was a husband and father, a wage earner and a churchgoer, all with well-known names from Cobb County. The mission was set up like a military operation, with a skilled electrician cutting prison wires, an auto mechanic keeping cars running, a locksmith, a switchboard operator, a paramedic, an executioner, and a common preacher. board. The route the hijackers would take was driven, measured and timed. The Lynch party left Marietta on August 16, 1915, arriving at the prison just before midnight. They cut the phone line and split into four groups. One group went to the garage and drained gas from all the cars, another went to Superintendent Burke's house and handcuffed him. A fourth group rushed to Frank's cell, woke him up, handcuffed his hands behind his back and took him to the back seat of the prison car. The kidnappers had the prison blueprints, cell locations, security posts, telephones and power lines. No effort was made to resist the group that kidnapped Frank. But his next two incidents occurred.
The man entrusted with guarding the Overseer was left behind, and the long-distance line to Augusta was not cut. The convoy returned to Marietta after a seven-hour, 150-mile journey along Roswell Road. One had to be abandoned due to a puncture on the way, but the rest were repaired. The original plan was to hang Frank from a tree in the Marietta City Cemetery or Marietta Square, but as night fell they headed for a more remote part of town. Frank demanded that the gold wedding ring be removed and returned to his widow, but they prepared to hang him. A brown khaki cloth was wrapped around Frank's waist, and a white handkerchief was pinned over his eyes. He was placed on a table and a 3/4 inch long rope was draped over the branch and around his neck. The impact of falling from the makeshift gallows opened his neck wound. Rumors quickly spread that on August 17, 1915, that Leo Frank had been hanged, dozens of people rushed to the place of execution on foot, on bicycles, on horseback, and in the few vehicles that were available at the time.

⁣The most important details in this text are the events leading up to the lynching of Leo Frank. One of the first to arrive was a prominent young Mariettan who had been rejected as a lyncher due to his high temper and drinking habits. People with cameras snapped his picture as his body swayed in the breeze, and picture postcards of the lynching were sold for years as souvenir items in Georgia stores. When Frank's body was cut down, a citizen tried to grind his shoe into Frank's face. Newt A. Morris, a former judge of the Blue Ridge Circuit, stepped forward to stop him and to quiet the crowd.

John Wood, a Canton attorney, helped Morris load the body into a basket and place it in a WJ black funeral home wagon that hauled it to the National Cemetery gate, where it was placed in Woods car and rushed to Atlanta. A crowd gathered around the funeral home demanding to view the dead man's body, and police persuaded Mrs. Frank to consent. The crowds were allowed to view the body later. Leo Frank's body The Latin phrase "symphare edom" is carved on Leo Frank's tombstone. Ex Governor Slayton and Mayor Woodward of Atlanta were in San Francisco on the day of the lynching.

Ex Governor Slayton declared he preferred to have Frank lynched by a mob rather than by judicial mistake. Mayor Woodward declared that Frank had suffered a just penalty for an unspeakable crime. A Cobb County coroner's jury heard witnesses and ruled that Frank was hanged by persons unknown. Tom Watson sent a telegram to Mary Edden Robert E. Lee Hole, who applauded the hanging in putting the sodomite murderer to death. The vigilance committee has done what the sheriff would have done if Slayton had not been of the same mold as Benedict Arnold.

Georgia is not for sale to rich criminals in the Jeffersonian, he raged, and the priest wants the illiterate papal slave of Italy, Poland and Hungary. The capitalist wants cheap labor and the Jew wants refuge from race hatred. The south has not yet been deluged by the foreign flood, but native stock predominates and the old ideals persist. Employers of young girls may assume that they buy the girl when they hire her, but this can lead to trouble if they act as though they have a right to carnally use the persons of the girls who work for them. This was the mistake made by Leo Frank, and it cost him his life.

Jews throughout the Union made Frank's case a race issue in total contemptuous and aggressive disregard of the question of guilt. They arrogantly asserted that he had not had a fair trial without ever offering a scintilla of evidence to prove it. They tried to run over and quote the people and the courts of Georgia and we wouldn't let them do it. Leo Frank's wedding ring was delivered to OB Keeler, Marietta reporter for the Atlanta Georgian, at his Marietta home the following evening. On Thursday, August 19, Keeler's account of the incident was published in the Atlanta Georgian.

The banner headline read "Frank's wedding ring returned" and a two column, three line readout said "dying wish of mob's victim carried out by unknown messenger". The story was in twelve point type and occupied the two right hand columns of page one and continued on page two. Keeler's first person account read quote "old books say if you put beneath your pillow an object that has been associated with tragedy or any scene of great stress and profound emotional excitement, if such an object be placed near you while you sleep, you will dream the thing that gave the object its most terrible significance."

⁣An important detail in this document is that on April 26, 1913, Leo M. Frank wore his wedding ring at the National Pencil Factory and during his dreadful voyage to sinking at Eichenhain, outside Marietta. . Mr. Keeler, who covered every session of the Atlanta Georgian man's trial, said several times during the trial and during Frank's nearly two years of service at the Fulton County Tower that the ring was on Frank's finger. I told you what I saw. Mr. Keeler told how the ring came to be obtained. He was in the vestibule of a small house at 303 Polk Street, Marietta, and had just begun a selection of Victorara, which his two very young members of the family passionately love. The band reached its climax when they heard footsteps and knocks on the porch in front of the open door.

He spoke clearly and clearly and handed me the envelope. He turned and went down the stairs and left in the darkness. Keeler opened an envelope containing a wedding ring and a typed note from his wife, Mrs. Leo M. Frank. The next day, Ms. Keeler gave her ring to Mrs. Frank in Atlanta. Mrs. Frank accused Keeler of being one of the group of men who had her husband hanged. Mr. Keeler received the trust with mixed feelings, but he knew how badly the in-state press was saying, and he had an idea of ​​what the out-of-state press would say. When the rain came, a young woman from Kansas City, Missouri came north to read an article about the Frank case in the Kansas City newspaper. She made every effort to prove Frank's innocence. Her experience of getting her ring shortly after the tragedy of the previous day had a huge impact on her. She searched for an unbiased point of view and found an intellectual point of view. She read about the upcoming lynching against Frank on the train from Nashville and wondered what she was getting into. She arrived in this town exactly twelve hours after her execution, and she found it the quietest, most peaceful little place she had ever visited. She met more friendly and helpful people than at this afternoon's party. The most important detail in this document is that Keeler has lived in Marietta for her 25 years, and that she learned what happened to Leo M. Frank in that oak grove on the morning of August 17th. It means that He also knows what people in Marietta did for him and his family when he nearly died of pneumonia last spring.

Regarding this event, Mr. Keeler's son, George Keeler, told the speaker that his father, the late OB Keeler, was on the staff of the Atlanta Georgian in 1913, where he covered every session of the Frank trial. He said he was. George Keeler said he had no doubts about Frank's guilt.

⁣An important detail in the audio recording is that the defense did everything it could to pin the blame on black janitor Jim Conley, and that Frank had the best attorney in the state. Two years later, this Georgian called his father that a group of men were heading to Mirageville State Penitentiary to arrest Frank, take him to Marietta, and hang him on Mary Phagan's grave. The following evening, a stranger showed up at the Keeler home in Polk Street, presenting his father with an envelope containing a typed note and a wedding ring. The father gave the ring to Mrs. Frank, and how it came to her and what she did with it was published on the front page of the Georgian newspaper, written in an article that day under the eight column headline. ⁣

⁣Long before June 1915, John Marshall Slayton had agonized over the proposed commutation of Leo Frank's sentence. He received more than 100,000 letters pleading for a commutation or pardon for Frank and Georgia, and national newspapers reminded him and the public of his power of forgiveness and his responsibility to wield it. Several governors and senators backed the motion to pardon Frank, but efforts were also made by leaders across the country. South-North resentment and animosity rekindled with such ferocity that newspapers across the country covered the development. Most people outside Georgia sympathized with Leo Frank and again attacked Georgia's anti-industrial, anti-Semitic sentiments, and police incompetence. After the Supreme Court denied Frank's motion in April 1915, his lawyers began lobbying for an administrative pardon. The most important information in the document is that the sitting governor of Georgia, John Marshall Slayton, was politically respected and was running for the United States Senate. Judge Morris argued that Slayton was a member of the law firm defending Frank, and that Slayton had been a name partner in the law firm of Rosser, Brandon, Slayton and Phillips since May 1913. The Cobb Democratic Executive Committee publicly asked Slayton to resign as governor or to assure the Georgians that they would not commute Frank's sentence, but Slayton also refused. Frank said he was to be hanged on June 22, 1915, and Slayton said he was to be succeeded by Nat Harris on June 26, 1915. Mr. Slayton could have granted a reservation and let Mr. Harris decide on the motion to reduce, but he and others felt that Mr. Harris would reject the motion. Slayton retired to his home on the outskirts of town and petitioned the Supreme Court for a ruling on the issue of mob influence in court. He studied other Court of Appeals' official rulings, trying to find a balance between Georgia's judicial integrity and mob rule. After visiting the pencil factory, Slayton concludes that Conley must have been lying when she claimed to have used the elevator to move Mary Phagan's body from the second floor to the basement. Clayton took the elevator himself and confirmed that he had indeed reached the bottom, and evidence of this had come to light. Slayton spent a lot of time and attention researching elevators. On June 20, 1915, John Slayton locked himself in the library all day, working on the Frank case. He listened to lawyers for Hugh Dorsey and Leo Frank and the Marietta delegation led by former Governor Joseph M. Brown. When he came out of the library, he said he ordered a commutation. His wife got up and waited for him, and when she came out he said he had made his decision.

He had taken the precaution of taking Leo Frank a minute past midnight from Fulton Tower to the train station, then taking the train to Macon and then driving to the Mirageville Prison Farm. Through his own detective work and extensive reading of crime documents, Slayton was convinced that Leo Frank was innocent. ⁣John Slayton did not exonerate Leo M. Frank, but expressed his suspicions. Later that day, he issued a statement to the press, announcing that Frank's sentence would be commuted to life imprisonment. The statement was carefully crafted to carry no more weight than correcting the judge's mistake in denying further legal issues surrounding the case and assuring the public that there was no mob interference in the trial. . The case made headlines in US newspapers and resulted in more than 100,000 letters calling for leniency from various states. The people of Georgia want respect and goodwill from all states in the Union.

Thomas Jefferson wrote in the preamble to the Declaration of Independence that when it was necessary to break the political ties that one nation had with another, the reasons for the separation should be stated. Many newspapers and many people attacked Georgia over the sentence against Leo M. Frank, saying it was due to mob rule and that there was no evidence to support the sentence. The people of Georgia have a responsibility to protect the lives of their citizens and uphold the dignity of the law. Alternative mobs have been accused of terrorizing courts and juries by mobs to force juries to issue a verdict. The author believes that the facts of this case are presented with absolute fairness and firmness only to the point of truth.

An important detail in this audiobook is that Georgia has had the most comprehensive change of criminal jurisdiction of any state, and that defendants are free to voluntarily choose jurisdiction if they believe the issue is: A change of rights can be demanded: a fair trial is impossible. Any circle is given. Frank went to court without demanding a transfer and presented his case to his jury, which he accepted. After evidence was presented pointing to a crime against Frank with many unpleasant details, feelings for him became increasingly violent. He was the general manager of the factory and Mary Phagan was a poor worker. The document's most important detail is that the general manager asked the Cornell graduate to give her a chance and gave her time off when she refused.

The court audience expressed deep resentment towards Frank, but the court was unable to rectify it. Governor Brown said that with many people talking about the potential danger and the editor of a major newspaper suggesting trouble was expected, Governor Brown had the sheriff call the mansion to see if trouble was expected. rice field. The sheriff said he believed the lieutenant could stay out of any trouble.

John Slayton did not exonerate Leo M. Frank, but expressed his suspicions. Later that day, he issued a statement to the press, announcing that Frank's sentence would be commuted to life imprisonment. The statement was carefully crafted to carry no more weight than correcting the judge's mistake in denying further legal issues surrounding the case and assuring the public that there was no mob interference in the trial. . The case made headlines in US newspapers and resulted in more than 100,000 letters calling for leniency from various states. The people of Georgia want respect and goodwill from all states in the Union.

Thomas Jefferson wrote in the preamble to the Declaration of Independence that when it was necessary to break the political ties that one nation had with another, the reasons for the separation should be stated. Many newspapers and many people attacked Georgia over the sentence against Leo M. Frank, saying it was due to mob rule and that there was no evidence to support the sentence. The people of Georgia have a responsibility to protect the lives of their citizens and uphold the dignity of the law. Alternative mobs have been accused of terrorizing courts and juries by mobs to force juries to issue a verdict. The author believes that the facts of this case are presented with absolute fairness and firmness only to the point of truth.

An important detail in this document is that Georgia has had the most comprehensive change of criminal jurisdiction of any state, and that defendants are free to voluntarily choose jurisdiction if they believe the issue is: A change of rights can be demanded: a fair trial is impossible. Any circle is given. Frank went to court without demanding a transfer and presented his case to his jury, which he accepted. After evidence was presented pointing to a crime against Frank with many unpleasant details, feelings for him became increasingly violent. He was the general manager of the factory and Mary Phagan was a poor worker. The document's most important detail is that the general manager asked the Cornell graduate to give her a chance and gave her time off when she refused.

The court audience expressed deep resentment towards Frank, but the court was unable to rectify it. Governor Brown said that with many people talking about the potential danger and the editor of a major newspaper suggesting trouble was expected, Governor Brown had the sheriff call the mansion to see if trouble was expected. rice field. The sheriff said he believed the lieutenant could stay out of any trouble.

⁣A key detail in the document is that Frank promised to go to a baseball game with his brother-in-law on Friday afternoon, but broke off the engagement on the grounds of financial statements that needed to be prepared before the inquest jury. be. State officials said Frank was at the factory Saturday afternoon processing the body of Mary Phagan, which was the reason Newtley was given the unusual leave of absence. The cook's husband testified that he visited his wife at the home of the defendant's father-in-law, Selig, on Saturday, the day of the murder, and that Frank had come to dinner, but she had not eaten. Chef's affidavit was taken by investigators and she claimed it was taken under duress, which tended to corroborate her husband's story. The cook denied the veracity of her affidavit because she was extorted by her husband and investigators, threatened with imprisonment if she didn't comply, and her wages were increased by her parents, she said. explained. Frank.

A key detail in the chapter is that Ms. Frank and her mother had a conversation on Sunday morning, and evidence presented suggests that Mr. Frank manipulated the notes to burden Ms. MckNight. It means that it shows that he was not in the mood due to excitement. To do so, please read the instructions correctly. Montine Stober also testified that Mary Phagan's hair was washed with Pintal soap, but this would affect the doctor's ability to judge the similarity between lathe hair and Mary Phagan's hair. A large amount of cords from the person who strangled Mary Phagan was also found on the metal floor of the room and then severed in the basement. Detective Starnes testified that he had seen one such cable in the basement, but that it had been cut into pieces. Detective Holloway testified that these wires ran throughout the building and into the basement.

A key detail of the document is that the State has argued that the defendant's witnesses will change their testimony not against the defendant, based on the suggestions of counsel and the hearing. An examination of the files does not support claims that a lawyer was employed by the police department prior to Frank's arrest. The most surprising and spectacular testimony in the case came from Jim Conley, 27, a black man who was a regular member of a chain gang. He had worked there for two years and knew the factory very well. He had been working in a basement for two months and operating an elevator for a year and a half when he was arrested by investigators on May 1 and 13.

Two notes were found near the body in the basement. The most important details of this document are his two quotes on brown paper and a black handwritten notepad. The brown paper was a carbon copy of an order form with the headline "Quote Atlanta, Georgia 19", written in black handwriting. Investigators learned in mid-May of Conley's writing ability and prepared a affidavit and three affidavits, which the defendants submitted at their request. ⁣The affidavit assesses the content of the evidence he presented on the witness stand as follows: Mr Conley said Mr Frank asked him to come to the factory on Saturday and take care of him as before, which means Mr Frank expected to meet with the woman. claimed. If Frank stamped his foot, Conley would lock the factory door and whistle to open it.

⁣Conley was in a dark place out of sight, next to an elevator, behind some boxes. Several people, including male and female employees, climbed the stairs to Frank's office, he noted. As Mary Phagan climbed the stairs, she heard a scream. As Frank stamped, Conley unlocked the door and went up the stairs. Conley found Mary Phagan lying in a metal room with a handkerchief under her neck and head, as if soaked in blood. Frank tells Conley to prepare a cloth, put the body in it, and carry it away from the changing room. Frank returns to the office, obtains the key and unlocks the panel to operate the elevator, and they roll the body out of the fabric. Frank climbed the ladder back to the first floor, Conley took the elevator, and Frank, who was on the first floor, took the elevator to the second floor where the office was. The most important detail of this text concerns the trial of Frank Conley. On May 31, 1913, an unindicted woman filed an affidavit that she saw Conley and Frank in a lively conversation on the corner of Forsyth and Nelson Streets. The state produced 10 witnesses who attacked Frank's character. Some of them were factory workers who testified that Frank's lustful reputation was bad and that they had been seen trying to marry Phagan, whom Frank exposed to the detectives. The defense presented nearly 100 witnesses to Frank's good character, including Atlanta residents, Cornell students, and Cornell professors. The state case omitted a number of cases that the state, on the whole, claimed to support Frank's guilt. Defendant was born in Texas and completed his education at the same institution. Conley's admission that he wrote the note found in the dead girl's body, the role he played in the deal he admitted, and his testimony about both writing the note and transporting the body to Keller. The story and explanation made the whole case revolve around Conley. The mystery of the case is how Mary Phagan's body was placed in the basement. She was found 46 feet from the elevator, her face suggesting she had been dragged through the dirt and ash. There were stains on her eyes and mouth. Conley took the body underground in an elevator with Frank on the afternoon of April 26, 1913, to speculate that Frank was able to walk 136 feet (about 40 meters) on the edge of the building where the body was removed. He testified that he was carried away to It's been found. Conley swore he didn't go back downstairs and took the elevator upstairs while Frank climbed the ladder at 03:00 on the morning of April 27: When investigators entered the basement through the basement, they found human feces in their natural state. Everyone, including Conley, admits that the elevator only stops when they reach the basement floor, but when they used the elevator, it crashed into the excrement, which they stepped on, causing Conley to Since being there it proved that the elevator has not been used again.

⁣An important detail in this document is that Conley was strong and powerful, and that the place to watch in the dark was a few feet from the hatch leading to the basement. On Monday morning, he twice flushed the elevator shaft doors and forced Mary Phagan to walk within a few feet of Conley's unseen. Conley testified that he wrapped the body in a bag of crocuses at Frank's suggestion, but at trial he testified that he wrapped the body in a bed sheet similar to the Attorney General's shirt. The only reason for such a statement change was that if the bag of crocuses weren't torn apart, it would be too small for the purpose. Conley said that after the crime was committed, Frank suddenly said Emma Clarke and Corinthia Hall and locked Conley in a closet. According to the irrefutable testimony of two witnesses, they arrived at the factory at 11:35 a.m. and left at 11 :45 o'clock in the morning. Conley said Frank told him to leave his hat, slippers and ribbons there, but Frank took them and threw them 57 feet away in front of the cauldron. Frank also instructed Conley to lock the door when he stamped his foot and open it when he whistled, but Conley waited until he locked the door before unlocking it. board. Mary Phagan's wound extended to her skull near the top of her head, but did not bleed.

Barrett said six or seven strands of her hair were found on the lathe she was working on Monday morning, where she may have been punched and cut off her head. suggests. It is acknowledged that her blood was not detected there. The lathe is about three feet high, and Mary Phagan is said to be stocky and angular. Her wounds must have been so deep that she couldn't explain the difference between her height and her lathe's height. Some state witnesses testified that her hair resembled Mary Phagan's, but Dr. Harris said that under the microscope, Mary Phagan's hair was compared to the hair on the lathe, and that it was Mary Phagan's hair. concluded that it is not.

Barrett and others saw blood stains near the locker room, and Conley said he dragged her body away. Police Chief Beavers said he didn't know if it was blood, and Detective Stearns said he wasn't sure if the stain he saw was blood. Detective Scott was shown several specks of blood in the metal room. The most important detail in this text is that Dr. Claude Smith testified that in one of the chips he found 3-5 blood cells under the microscope, a half-drop was to blame. Frank says some of the stains left after picking up the chip weren't blood.

Barrett, who worked on the metal floor and had claimed a reward for finding hair and blood, said the stains were not present on Friday and that several witnesses confirmed it. Stated. There were testimonies that injuries occurred frequently in the factory, and that bleeding was not uncommon near the women's locker room. There was no blood in the elevator. ⁣

Dr. Smith, a bacteriologist in the city, said the presence of blood cells could be detected months after the blood dried. All of this is linked to the question of whether the murder took place in a metal room on the same floor as Frank's office. However, the patterns varied from quarter to quarter size, except near metal rooms at designated locations. A quarter the size of a palm leaf fan.

⁣The defense obtained two affidavits and three affidavits from Witness Conley. The first statement, dated May 18, 1913, details his actions on April 26, naming the tavern he frequented and the whiskey and beer he purchased. On May 24, 1913, he wrote an affidavit for detectives stating that Frank had asked him if he could write it the Friday before the Saturday on which the murder took place. On May 28, 1913, he made another affidavit for detectives stating that after leaving home on Saturday morning, he bought two bottles of beer, went to a bar, and won $0.90 on dice. rice field. He then met Frank at the corner of Forsyth and Nelson Streets and asked him to wait until he returned. Mr. Conley went to the factory and mentioned various people he saw climbing the stairs from the spy location to Mr. Frank's office. An important detail in this document is that Frank Conley whistled and they entered a private office. Frank asked Conley if he could write and asked if he could dictate three times. When Conley crossed the street, he found a box containing two dollar bills and two silver coins. At the Beer Saloon, Conley bought half a pint of whiskey, $0.15 worth of beer, $0.10 worth of stovewood, a bratwurst worth of nickel, and gave his aging wife $3.50. Tuesday morning Frank came upstairs and told me to be a good boy. On Wednesday, Conley washed the shirts at the factory and hung them on a steam line to dry. On May 29, 1913, Conley filed another affidavit stating that Frank had told him he had picked up her girl and dropped her off. On May 29, 1913, Conley filed another affidavit stating that Frank had told him he had picked up her girl and dropped her off. On May 29, the key detail in this affidavit is that Conley picked up the girl and put her on her shoulders while Frank climbed back up the ladder. He also took her hat and slippers he had brought upstairs and threw them in the garbage pile in front of the stove. The affidavit also states that Mr. Frank handed Mr. Conley the money, and while Mr. Conley was looking at the money in his hand, Mr. Frank said, ``Give me this. It is also written. and nothing happens. ” The original affidavit was issued at the end of the affidavit. A key detail in the document is that on May 18, investigators detained Ms. Conley for a few hours to obtain her confession, but Ms. Conley denied having met the girl on the day of her murder. It is what I did. On May 25, I interrogated him for three hours, and when I repeated the story on May 27, we talked for about five to six hours. Regarding Conley's testimony and affidavit, Detective Scott, who was referred by the state, said: "We tried to impress that Frank didn't write that memo on Friday, that it wasn't rational, that it was deliberate, and that it wasn't possible," he said. He declined to testify further, saying he did so truthfully.

⁣On May 28, Chief Ranford and his team spent five or six hours scrutinizing Quinn Conley, trying to uncover some of the outliers in his testimony. They drew attention to the fact that his previous testimony was well considered and unacceptable, and subsequently held that his previous testimony was well considered and unacceptable. After being told, it issued a statement on May 28. They tried to get him to talk about the little mesh bag, but he denied having seen it. On May 18, in Chef Ranford's office, they tried to persuade him to write, and he wrote down his testimony before a jury. Upon re-examination, Mr. Conley felt the need to explain the mesh bag, and for the first time stated that Mary Phagan's mesh bag was on Mr. Frank's desk, and Mr. Frank put it in the safe. This is the first mention of bags. The first indication that Frank was a pervert was Conley's testimony on the witness stand. He explained that Frank had a different build like other men, and that Jews were circumcised, so someone might have encouraged him to do so. Mr. Conley is also open to the proposal, he said, saying he knows that when he tells a story, he has to change it and tell the full truth. He also admitted that he wrote the notes found on Mary Phagan's body, and that the words "quote at the end of the quote" were dictated by a white man. Annie Maud Carter was also in prison and wrote many of the most vulgar, obscene letters I have ever read. These letters are the most vile and sexual I have ever read. The most important detail of this document is Conley's testimony and the use of the word "last quote" in Annie Maud Carter's memo. In Conley's testimony, he uses the words "quote Negro," and in Annie Maud Carter's note, "I have a negro looking at you." I also use the words , quote end, quote play end quote, quote, amateur, quote end, love, quote end, and quote myself, quote end. Defense attorneys point out that Conley's hallmark was his double use of adjectives: B. "long quote", "tall", "black", "black", "end quote", "long quote", "skinny", "tall", "black", "end quote". Conley was a tall, slender, beaked, and stocky man, using expressions such as "He was a tall, slender, beaked, and heavy man," and from 128 words I wrote four different notes, but only two were found. Detective Scott dictated eight words to Conley, which he swore took about six minutes to write. Frank said he provided information that Conley had signed a receipt at a particular jewelry store with a deal. At the time of the trial, the death certificate, written on brown paper, did not have a date line and stated Atlanta, Georgia, age 19. After that, when I put the paper under the magnifying glass, it was written in blue pen as follows. The name Becker was written there. He worked in a factory on the fourth floor.

⁣Mary Phagan was murdered at a pencil factory on Sunday morning. Monte Stover looked at her watch and said she had arrived at 12:05. W.W. Rogers testified that both clocks were working and showing the correct time, so Montene Stover must have arrived before Mary Phagan. Lemmie Quinn testified that he arrived at Mr Frank's office at 12:20 pm and met Mr Frank at 12:30 pm. J.A. White called her husband at the factory and left before 1:00 p.m. At 12:50 p.m., Frank came up to the 4th floor and said he wanted to leave.

⁣Evidence for the defense suggests that the transportation of the body took a very long time and did not match the exact time that the visitor saw Frank. The back door of the basement was Conley's escape route when he tried to escape from his creditors. Detective Stearns found traces of bloody fingerprints on the door and stripped two of what he believed to be bloody fingerprints from the door. The motive for this murder could be either robbery, or robbery and assault, or assault. The mesh bag was in Mary Phagan's hand, first described by Conley during re-examination at the trial. The doctors' testimony did not show this to be the case, but they testified that the excitement could have caused the blood to flood. Evidence indicates that Conley was the most depraved and lewd black man who ever lived in Georgia. The most important detail in this text is the jury verdict in the case of Leo M. Frank, who was convicted of murder. Juries are selected to consider evidence and determine its probative value, and the only authority that can consider the merits of a case and challenge the impartiality of a judgment is the judge of first instance. Constrained by the Constitution and the correction of errors of law, the Supreme Court found in the trial that no errors of law existed and rightly determined that there was sufficient evidence to support its ruling.

According to testimony, this negro had a habit of allowing men to go to the basement for immoral reasons, and when Mary Phagan passed him near the hatch leading to the basement, she may have attacked her. be. The Supreme Court concluded for granted that there was no legal error in the proceedings and that there was sufficient evidence to support the judgment. Orally from the bench, Judge Roan said he wasn't sure about the defendants' guilt, but didn't need to convince the jury that he had been persuaded. This statement was not included in the motion to annul the new trial because judges have the discretionary power to sentence defendants to life imprisonment if convicted of murder based on circumstantial evidence. But Judge Roan said that if the jury in State v. Frank was convinced beyond a reasonable doubt that the evidence in the case was beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant was guilty of murder. I misunderstood my authority as evidence when I accused it of authority. The jury finds the defendant guilty.

The most important detail of the document is that Judge Roan, if Judge Roan had the extreme suspicion expressed in his testimony and remembered the powers conferred by law, he sentenced the defendant to life imprisonment. That is what I said. In a letter to lawyers, he said he would ask the prison commission to recommend the governor commuting Frank's sentence to life in prison. After months of consultation, an inquiry was made and Becker testified that from 1888 he worked in a pencil factory until 1912, during which time he signed orders for goods and consumables.

⁣The brown paper on which the death certificate was written bears Becker's signature, and by the time Becker left Atlanta in 1912, all the blank papers bearing the number 19 had been exhausted. Philip Chambers testified that there was an unused purchase order in the office next door to Frank's, and that he had been in the basement of the factory where no books or papers were found for a long time. On Sunday morning, Sergeant Dobbs visited the scene and found a legal pad on the ground near the note. Officer Anderson testified that the basement was full of pencils and trash. Darley testified that the paper with the note was a blank order form and was likely to be found throughout the building. The most important details of this document are the evidence presented to the jury and the matter of time. The state said Mary Phagan visited Leo M. Frank's office to pick up her paycheck sometime between 12:05 p.m. claimed to have made a statement. Monteen Stover swears that he came to Frank's office at 12:05 p.m and stayed until 12:10 p.m, and that he did not enter the room in which Frank was said to be working. The only way to reconcile her statement would be if, for the first time in her life, she entered Frank's office instead of the room where he allegedly worked. If Frank were working at his desk, he wouldn't be visible from the antechamber.

According to Monte Stover's testimony, Mary Phagan had to come pick up her paycheck, and Frank took her back to her medal room, intending to murder her while Monte Stover was in the office. He said he was. Solid evidence indicates that Mary Phagan had dinner at 11:30 a.m., and tram drivers told her she was at the corner of Forsyth and Marietta Streets at 12:11 p.m. I was on trolley number 1150, which was due to arrive at The distance from this place to the pencil factory was about 5 minutes her 1 mile and the walk to the factory took her 4-6 minutes. The car appears to have arrived as normal, but may have arrived two to three minutes earlier than planned. Evidence suggests that Mary Phagan was murdered in a pencil factory between 12:05 and 12:10.

Monte Stover looked at her watch and said he had arrived at 12:05. W.W. Rogers testified that both watches were running and showing the correct time. Leme Quinn testified that he arrived at Mr Frank's office at 12:20 pm and met Mr Frank at 12:30 pm. Mrs. J.A. White called to meet her husband at her factory and she left before 1:00 PM. At 12:50, Frank came up to the 4th floor and said he wanted to leave. Evidence for the defense suggests that the transportation of the body took a very long time and did not match the exact time that the visitor saw Frank.

⁣Evidence indicates that the lower door was unlocked when Mrs. White came in at 12:30 p.m. Detective Stearns found traces of bloody fingerprints on the door and stripped two of what he believed to be bloody fingerprints from the door. The motive for this murder could have been either robbery or assault, and there is no indication that Frank's motive was robbery. The mesh bag was in Mary Phagan's hand, first described by Conley during re-examination at the trial. The doctor's statement provided no information about his performance. Evidence indicates that Conley was the most depraved and despicable Negro who ever lived in Georgia, monitoring and describing the clothing and stockings of the women entering the factory. If Frank had hired Conley to babysit, it would have been just Mary Phagan, as he hadn't inappropriately proposed to another woman that day. An important detail in this document is that the jury found Leo M. It means that The Supreme Court found no error of law during the proceedings and concluded that there was sufficient evidence to support the judgment. First-instance judges are required to make wise judgments, and cannot allow judgments that they consider unjust.

In this regard, Judge Roan verbally stated that he was uncertain of the defendant's guilt. An important detail in this sentence is that Judge Roan, in charging the jury in State v. Frank, has the right to do so if he believes beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant is guilty of murder. It means that he misunderstood his own authority as evidence when claiming that. Our jury finds the accused guilty. But if they go further and say nothing else in the verdict, the court will be forced to convict the defendant of the highest murder charges. H. hung around his neck until his death. The statement was not included in the motion to stop the new process under Article 63 of the Code. Judge Roan wrote to attorneys asking the prison board to recommend that the governor commute Frank's sentence to life in prison.

Although he was in a state of unease when he upheld the verdict, he is still unsure if Frank is guilty. The execution of a person whose guilt has not been fully proven is unthinkably horrific, and the Chief of State should make every effort to ascertain the truth.

The most important detail in this section of the chapter is that in the case of commutation, jury verdicts are not appealed, but that penalties for murder are imposed by the state and are penalties that a judge, without misunderstanding, would have imposed. That is. A pardon petition has been filed in the case of a white male hunter charged with murdering two white women in Savannah City. The Judge and Attorney General refused to recommend a pardon, but after reviewing the evidence and at the instigation of Savannah leaders who questioned the defendant's guilt, I commuted the sentence so that the innocent man could not be executed. . . Evidence was presented that he borrowed a gun, threatened him, and fled after the shooting. A key detail in the document is that the governor of Georgia refused to block an escapee from Fannon County Jail, commuting the sentence to life in prison. The judge and attorney general recommended a suspended sentence, which the governor granted, and on the judge's and attorney general's recommendation, the governor commuted the sentence to life imprisonment. Since then, three items have come to light since the trial, including Carter's memoirs and Dr. Carter's testimony. Harris said the hair on the lathe was not Mary Phagan's. The governor's conscience is a condemning conscience, and the governor cannot bear to be constantly dealing with a condemning conscience that reminds him that he did not do what he thought was right. The citation states that there are areas where the law allows life imprisonment instead of the death penalty, about which there is no reasonable doubt and absolute certainty. For Leo M Frank was plagued with doubts from the judge of the first instance, two Georgia court judges, two U.S. Supreme Court justices, and one of the three prison commissioners.

Governor John M. Slayton allowed the death penalty to be commuted to life imprisonment. The reaction to the cuts was immediate, with large angry rallies in Cobb, Fulton and other counties. In Marietta, a group hung a portrait of Frank and Slayton in the town park, and a portrait of the Governor with the words "Our Traitor Governor". The first issue of Tom Watson's The Jeffersonian continued to denounce and denigrate John Slayton, stating that "our great empire has been raped." A key detail of the document is that a mob was formed, allegedly marched to the state capitol to seek out and assault the governor.

Judge John J. Hart tried to address them as a pacifist, but they yelled at him. A mob then formed in Atlanta and attempted to march against the governor's home. Governor Slayton did not live in the governor's mansion, but in his own house. Fearing violence, the governor called in his bodyguards, members of the state militia. Captain Stokes was in charge, and Walter W. Foote was a relative of Pollard Turman's wife, Laura Trautman. The troops were stationed at a reasonable distance around the Governor's Palace.

Jefferson Davis McCord, former Athletic Director of Emory University, was a Private First Class in the University's Militia Division. A deadline was set on the street in front of the house, and the mob reached the line of troops. Lieutenant Foot attempted to address the crowd, but he was hit with a beer bottle. The mob dispersed, but the militia remained on guard for three days. During the week, violent anti-Semitic riots broke out, and Jewish businessmen in Atlanta and Marietta went out of business. Slayton risked his life to attend the inauguration of Nat E. Harris. Loud boos, hissing, and meowing erupted from the State Capitol as Mr. Slayton handed over the Georgia coat of arms. Slayton was able to leave Georgia unharmed and the following week he and his wife vacationed in Adirondack, New York, before embarking on a tour of Georgia, the Northeast, Midwest and Far West. Many years passed before the Slaytons' return seemed certain. John Slayton expressed his belief in Frank's innocence in a letter to his cousin Lamar on March 15, 1945. The letter described Sally, who never thought or did anything wrong when the mob threatened her home and life.

Sally accompanied all the meetings of the American Bar Association, and Justice Arthur Powell said of her that she was the Queen of her Bar Association. Sally made her debut at the White Greenbrier in Sulfur Springs and her sponsor and companion was Robert E. Lee's daughter Miss Mildred Lee. This letter was written to Sally for her amazing kindness and tenderness, and Sally would have been happy to have read it in her lifetime.