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‘We’re now going to pay coal and gas power stations to keep the lights on!’
Alan Jones on Australia’s energy crisis.
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Alan Jones discusses the announcement of the Queensland Government holding an inquiry into the DNA testing at a forensics lab amid accusations it failed victims
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Australia's Leading Voice. News and analysis from experienced broadcasters with insightful interviews. Join the debate on the future direction of the country.
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‘Joe Biden is determined to undo everything Trump did and it’s leading to a dangerous place.’
Peggy Grande with the US Report.
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‘The screaming school children who are sure the world is going to end with a climate apocalypse also think it’s going to end with some kind of medical apocalypse.’
Spectator Columnist Alexandra Marshall discusses the link between climate alarmists and COVID-19 fanatics.
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‘No one’s talking about what the real issue is and that is how much will it cost and who’s paying? We know it’s the Australian people that will have to pay.’
MP Keith Pitt joins Alan Jones to discuss the enormous cost of net zero emissions.
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‘The studies were rubbish but the media ran them anyway and that accentuated public opinion about nuclear and so it became popular to de-energise their grid.’
Alexandra Marshall from The Spectator Australia joins Fred Pawle.
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‘This is called being progressive. Whereas Chris Bowen's obsession with solar panels and wind turbines which are manufactured in China and are intermittent in supply - that’s what I’d describe as regressive.’
Alan Jones believes that nuclear power is the solution to Australia’s energy crisis.
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‘Unless you have nations willing to stand up, to be strong, to be forthright about their own interests and to be unwilling to kowtow to demands from Chinese leadership, we will continue to find this kind of escalating behaviour.’
Distinguished Fellow of the Menzies Research Centre Amanda Stoker joins Fred Pawle.
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Herein, I discuss the priesthood of Christ, comparing it to the priesthood of Antichrist. I discuss the history of the spirit of Antichrist in Caesarian Rome and the revelation of Antichrist in Papal Rome. I reference Foxes Book of Martyrs regarding the persecution of Christians. And I discuss Papal's rise to power; it's masses and the Council of Trent. Get the book: https://app.thebookpatch.com/B....ookStore/antichrist-
Herein we discuss Counter Reformation primarily from the perspective of the Protestant Reformation. However, we also talk about the concept of reformation and counter reformation from the Old Testament. John provides an excellent overview of the Protestant Reformation from the 14th century to the present.
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CLASSIC CARTOONS
21st Century U
The Leo Frank case was convened in a temporary Atlanta courtroom on July 28, 1913, with 250 seats and 20 officers guarding the courtroom. The jurors, all white men and Atlanta residents, were chosen within 3 hours of the first morning of the trial. The defense used 18 of its 20 strikes without a cause while the prosecution used seven of the ten allowed. The twelve jurors were C.J. Bashard Pressman, I Hensley, Buggy Company, J. F. Higdon Building Contractor, Jefferies - Real Estate, Johenning Shipping Clerk, WF Medcalf Mailer, J.T. Osborne, Optician, Frederick V. L. Smith paying teller, D. Townsend paying teller, F.A. Windburn Railroad Claims agent, Al Weizby Cashier, M. S. Woodward - Cashier, King - Hardware. The Chief prosecutor, solicitor General Hugh A. Dorsey, was handsome and forceful, assisted by Frank Arthur Hooper and Edward A. Stevens. The defense was defended by Atlanta's two well known trial lawyers Special Assistant Solicitor Hooper described the State's case against Leo Frank, who was accused of premeditated rape of Mary Phagan. He alleged that Frank had seduced and taken liberties with other young factory girls and had made unsuccessful advances to Mary Phagan. Several surviving family members have said that Frank harassed Mary Phagan and that she went home and told her mother several former National Pencil Company employees have also alleged that they heard Frank sexually harass Mary Phagan.
The state argued that Frank was alone in the office, gave Mary Phagan her pay envelope, then followed Mary to the medal room and made sexual overtures to her. He then strangled her and gave Conley $2.50 and then $200, but later had Conley return the money. Hooper singled out the expected testimony of Monteen Stover, who he claimed would contradict Frank's contention that he had been in his office continuously from 12:00 p.m. Mrs. J. W. Coleman, the mother of Mary Phagan, testified that she last saw her daughter alive on April 26, 1913. A court officer drew forth a suitcase and lifted out the dress and shoes that Mary Phagan had worn when she last saw her.
Fanny Phagan Coleman identified the clothing of her murdered daughter by covering her eyes with a palm fan and sobbing. At that time, few women attended court trials except for those related to the victim or the defendant. Fanny Phagan Coleman and Ali May Phagan attended the trial, as well as Lucille Selig Frank, Frank's wife, and Mrs. Ray Frank, his mother. When asked for her thoughts by a reporter for the Atlanta Journal, Fanny Phagan Coleman said she would rather not talk about it. This silence caused the rest of the Phagan family not to speak of the trial for the next 70 years.
The narrator went out of the door and stayed until four minutes to six. When he returned, the doors were unlocked and the narrator went to Mr. Frank to change the slip. It took him twice as long as the other times he saw him fix it. When Mr. Frank put the tape in, the narrator punched and went on downstairs. Mr. Gantt came from across the street from the beer saloon and asked for a pair of old shoes to have fixed.
Mr. Frank ran into Gantt unexpectedly and asked him to help him find them. The narrator went up there with Mr. Gantt and found them in the shipping room. Mr. Frank phoned the narrator that night about an hour after he left. He asked if everything was all right and said goodbye. The narrator is a police officer who has been assigned to investigate the murder of a man named Gantt.
On Saturday night, the narrator goes to the building and finds a light on the street floor and a light in the basement. The narrator lit the light at 06:00 and made their rounds regularly every half hour. When 03:00 comes, the narrator discovers a body in the basement and calls up the police station. The narrator then carries the officers down where they find the body. The narrator then tries to get Mr. Frank, but he does not answer.
The most important details in this text are the events leading up to Newt's arrest. On Sunday morning, Newt saw Mr. Frank in the office and was handcuffed to a chair. On Tuesday night, April 29, Newt had a conversation with Mr. Frank at the station house and was handcuffed to a chair. When Mr. Frank came out of his office that Saturday, he was looking down and rubbing his hands. When defense attorney Rosser Cross examined Lee, the witness said that the locked double doors inside the entrance to the building were unlocked. When the prosecution called Sergeant L. S. Dobbs to the stand, he testified that he had never seen Mr. Frank rubbing his hands that way before.
The most important details in this text are the statements made by two witnesses to the murder of Mary Phagan. Albert McKnight, the husband of Frank's Cook, Minola McKnight, testified that between one and 02:00 on Memorial Day he was at the home of Mr. Frank to see his wife. On cross examination, McKnight stated that he saw Frank in the mirror in the corner and that he could not tell who was in the dining room without looking through the mirror. Ms. Helen Ferguson, a friend of the murdered girl, testified that she saw Mr. Frank Friday, April 25, about 07:00 in the evening and asked for Mary Phagan's money. Mr. Frank said he couldn't let her have it, and before he said anything else, she turned around and walked out.
Ms. Ferguson stated that she had gotten Mary's money before and did not remember if Mr. Schiff was in the office when she asked Frank for Mary's pay. By number three, medical experts had different contentions about the question of Mary Phagan's rape. All agreed that there had been a savage struggle after which the girl was strangled. According to the undertaker, there was a two and one half inch wound on the back of the victim's head, exposing part of the skull. The county physician, Dr. J. W. Hurt, testified that the head wound was induced by a blunt edged instrument and occurred before death.
Dr. H. F. Harris, the medical examiner, stated that Mary Phagan's vagina showed evidence of violence before death due to internal bleeding and the epithelium was pulled loose from the inner walls and detached in some places. Nowhere in the testimony can it be found that Mary Phagan was bitten on her breast. Pierre Fonpassen, who had studied the evidence and x rays of the Frank case in 1922, reported that he found x ray pictures showing the girl had been bitten on the left shoulder and neck before strangulation. Dr. Harris asserted that she had eaten her last meal of bread and cabbage approximately one half to three quarters of an hour before she died. C.
B. Dalton, the man whom Jim Conley alleged brought women with Leo Frank to the factory for immoral purposes, took the stand. He stated that he had visited the National Pencil Company three, four or five times and had been in the office of Leo M. Frank. He also mentioned Daisy Hopkins again, but did not remember the first time he was in Mr. Frank's office. The most important details in this text are that the narrator has been to Mr. Frank's office several times this year, and that he had Coca Cola, lemon and lime and beer in his office. On Redirect examination, Dalton stated that Frank had Coca Cola, lemon and lime and beer in his office.
He admitted that he had served time in the chain gang in 1894 for stealing, but claimed that it had been almost 20 years since he had been in trouble. Mel Stanford, who had worked for Frank for two years, testified that he swept the whole floor in the metal room on Friday, April 25. On Monday, the narrator found a spot that had some white hascalline over it on the second floor near the dressing room that wasn't there Friday.
The most important details in this text are the testimony of Jim Conley, a short, stocky black man who was a sweeper at the pencil factory. He testified that he had a conversation with Mr. Frank on Friday, 25 April, and that he wanted him to come to the pencil factory on Saturday morning at 830 to do some work on the second floor. He also testified that he always stayed on the first floor and watched for Mr. Frank while he and a young lady would be up on the second floor chatting. When young ladies would come there, he would sit down at the first floor and watch the door for him. On Thanksgiving Day, he watched for Mr. Frank.
On Thanksgiving Day, 1912, a tall, heavy built lady came to the Capital City Laundry to see her mother. The narrator and Mr. Frank met at the door and he asked the narrator to watch for him. The narrator went to the corner of Nelson and Forsyth Street and saw Mr. Frank as he passed by. The narrator was standing on the corner and Mr. Frank was coming up Forsyth Street towards Nelson Street. Mr. Frank asked the narrator to wait until he came back from Montague's factory.
The narrator was standing on the corner and Mr. Frank came out Nelson Street and down Forsyth Street towards the pencil factory. Mr. Frank and the narrator were passing a grocery store when a young man with a paper sack and his baby stood by the side of him. Mr. Frank said something to the narrator and hit up against the man's baby. Mr. Frank then stopped at Curtis's Drugstore and went into the soda fountain. When they got to the factory, Mr. Frank stopped the narrator at the door and put his hand on the door and turned the knob and said, "You see, you turn the knob just like this and there can't nobody come in from the outside".
Mr. Frank tells the narrator to push a box up against the trash barrel and sit on it. He then tells the narrator to shut the door and come upstairs to Mr. Darley's office to borrow some money. The narrator does as he is told, but Mr. Frank hits the narrator with a blow on his chest and tells them not to let Mr. Darley see them. The narrator refuses to let Mr. Darley see them.
The most important details in this text are that the narrator saw Mr. Darley, Miss Maddie Smith, Negro Draymond, Mr. Quinn, and Miss Mary Perkins. The narrator then went to Nelson and Forsyth Street and saw Mr. Darley, Miss Maddie Smith, Negro Draymond, Mr. Quinn, and Miss Mary Perkins. The narrator then went to Nelson and Forsyth Street and saw Mr. Darley, Miss Maddie Smith, Negro Draymond, Mr. Quinn, and Miss Mary Perkins. The narrator then went to Nelson and Forsyth Street and saw Mr. Darley, Miss Maddie Smith, Negro Draymond, Mr. Quinn, and Miss Mary Perkins. The narrator then went to Nelson and Forsyth Street and saw Mr. Darley, Miss Maddie Smith, Negro Draymond, Mr. Quinn, and Miss Mary Perkins.
The narrator then went to Nelson and Forsyth Street and saw Mr. Darley, Miss Maddie Smith The most important details in this text are that the narrator saw Miss Monte Stover, who had on a pair of tennis shoes and a raincoat, come in and stay there for a while. After she left, someone from the metal department came running back upstairs on their tiptoes. The narrator then heard Mr. Frank whistling and unlocked the door and went up the steps. Mr. Frank was standing at the top of the steps and shivering and trembling with a rope in his hands and a long, wide piece of cord. He had a little rope in his hands and a long, wide piece of cord in his hands, and his eyes were large and looked funny out of his eyes.
He had a cord in his hands just like this one cord. The narrator then went back to the office to see if the little girl's work had come, but she refused and the narrator struck her too hard and she fell and hit her head against something. The narrator has seen Mr. Frank in a position he hasn't seen any other man with children. He has seen him in the office two or three times before Thanksgiving, where a lady was sitting down in a chair with her clothes up to his knees. He has also seen him in the packing room with a young lady lying on the table.
When the narrator returns, they find the lady dead with a rope around her neck and a cloth tied around her neck. The narrator notices the clock and tells him it is four minutes to one. The narrator returns to the cotton box to find the girl dead. Mr. Frank tells the narrator to go back there and get a piece of cloth to put around her and bring her up. The narrator looks around the cotton box and gets a piece of cloth and goes back to the cotton box.
The girl is lying flat on her back and her hands are out. The narrator puts both of her hands down and rolls her up in the cloth and takes the cloth and tie her up and starts to pick her up.
The most important details in this text are that the protagonist is willing to help Mr. Frank because he is a white man and the superintendent of the school. Mr. Frank dictates the notes to the protagonist, who is willing to do anything to help him because he is a white man and his superintendent. The protagonist then takes a green piece of paper and tells Mr. Frank what to write on it. Mr. Frank then pulls out a roll of greenbacks and gives the protagonist $200 to buy a watchman for his wife. The protagonist then goes down to the basement and takes a lot of trash and burns the package in front of the furnace.
The protagonist is afraid to go down there by himself and Mr. Frank won't go down there with him. The most important details in this text are that Mr. Frank is a wealthy man in Brooklyn, and that the narrator is coming to get his money. He is going home to get dinner and will be back in about 40 minutes to fix the money. The narrator then goes to the beer saloon across the street and takes out two paper dollar bills and two silver quarters. He then buys a double header and drinks it.
The narrator then looks around at another colored fellow standing there and asks him if he wants a glass of beer. He says no. The most important details in this text are that the narrator was arrested on Thursday, May 1 and given tablets to write down what kind of boxes they had. Mr. Frank told the narrator what to write on the notes, and the girl's body was lying somewhere along number nine on the picture. The narrator dropped her somewhere along number seven and took an elevator on the second floor.
The box that Mr. Frank unlocked was right around the side of the elevator. The narrator was arrested on Thursday, May 1 and given tablets to write down what kind of boxes they had. Mr. Frank told the narrator what to write on the notes, and the girl's body was lying somewhere along number nine on the picture.
The most important details in this text are that the narrator was told to come back in about 40 minutes to do the burning, and that Mr. Frank went in the office and got the key to unlock the elevator. The notes were fixed up in Mr. Frank's private office, and the narrator never knew what happened to them. On Thanksgiving Day, the narrator saw a tall built lady in Mr. Frank's office, who had on a blue dress with white dots on it and a graying coat with kind of tails to it. On Thanksgiving Day, the narrator refused to write for the police the first time. Defense attorney Rosser spent three days attacking Conley's testimony, and Conley admitted to a number of arrests that had resulted in fines of nominal amounts for drunkenness or disorderly conduct and one sentence of 30 days for an altercation with a white man.
Rosser was able to show that Conley had a poor memory about everything except the murder and was repeatedly denounced by those who knew him as dirty, filthy, black, drunken, lying The most important details in this text are that Jim Conley, a native Mariettan reporter and journalist who covered the trial for the Atlanta Georgian, claimed it would have been impossible for Conley to fabricate the detailed account of what had happened and withstood the hours of cross examination. Conley may be telling the truth in the main, or he may be lying altogether, but he is one of the most remarkable Negroes that has ever been seen in this section of the country. As hour by hour the attorneys for the defense failed to entrap the Negro, the enormity of the evidence became apparent. Finally, the defense admitted that they had failed to entrap the Negro and asked that the evidence be stricken from the records. The Negro withstood the fire and Frank's attorneys are seeking to have the evidence expunged from the records.
The most important details in this text are that one state witness, Holloway, testified that he forgot to lock the elevator on Saturday when he left at 1145. He admitted that he had previously sworn twice that he did leave the elevator locked once in the affidavit he gave to Solicitor General Dorsey End. At the coroner's inquest, he stated that Frank got back from Montagues at about 11:00 and was in his office on the books. When he was leaving at 1145, he saw Corinthia Hall and Emma Clark coming towards the factory. He had seen blood spots on the floor, but he did not remember having seen the blood spots Barrett found.
He also said that cords like that used to strangle Mary Phagan could be found all over the place. He explained that he saw it a plank for Mr. Denham and Mr. White on the fourth floor and forgot about it when he remembered that he had forgotten to lock the elevator. Despite these few inconsistencies, he was forced to conclude that his family's evaluation of Leo Frank's culpability was accurate at that particular time. But he therefore shifted his focus to the defense's argument and made a pledge to himself to be fair in his evaluation of the facts.
The most important details in this text are the sentencing and aftermath of Leo Frank's trial. Judge Roan secretly brought Frank and the other principals together in the courtroom for the formal sentencing. The sentence read, "Leo M. Frank be taken from the bar of this court to the common jail of the county of Fulton and be safely there kept until his final execution in the manner fixed by law." On the 10th day of October 1913, the defendant was executed by the sheriff of Fulton County in private, witnessed only by the executing officer, a sufficient guard the relatives of such defendant and such clergyman and friends as he may desire, and that the defendant, between the hours of 10:00 A.m. and 02:00 p.m., be by the sheriff of Fulton County hanged by the neck until he shall be dead and may God have mercy on his soul." The trial had been the longest and most expensive trial in Georgia history, with the stenographic record being 1,080,060 words. The state star witness, Jim Conley, had been on the witness stand longer than any other witness in state history Judge Roan was Rosser's senior law partner from 1883 to 1886. The temper of the public mind was such that it invaded the courtroom and made itself manifest at every turn the jury made. This prejudice rendered any other verdict impossible. Frank's lawyers began to prepare their appeal immediately after the sentencing, including affidavits about the alleged prejudice towards Leo Frank of two members of the jury, A. H. Hensley and M. Johanning. The family of H. C. Lovenhard swore that on meeting Marcellus Johenning on the street before the trial he had told them, "I know he is guilty". Other points raised included the jurors being influenced by the crowd's demonstrations outside the courtroom and that the evidence did not support the verdict. Solicitor General Dorsey argued that the trial had been fair and countered with affidavits from eleven jurors who swore they did not hear or see demonstrations from crowds outside the courtroom. Both jurors who had been deemed prejudiced by the defense denied the charges. Rosser and Arnold made a final plea to Judge Roan, who denied the defense's motion for a new trial. The ruling was affirmed by the Georgia Supreme Court on February 17, 1914. Two judges, Beck and Fish, dissented on the question of admissibility of Jim Conley's testimony as to Frank's sexual perversion, but did not find the evidence in question sufficient cause to alter the guilty verdict. Not long after the Georgia Supreme Court decision, the Atlanta Journal reported that the state biologist who examined the body of Mary Phagan had concluded that the hair found on the lathe which the prosecution had cited as a major factor in its case, was not Mary Phagan's. The biologist told Solicitor General Dorsey that he did not depend on the biologist's testimony, as other witnesses in the case swore that the hair was that of Mary Phagan. The most important details in this text are that several prosecution witnesses retracted their original testimony, including Albert McKnight, Mrs. Nina Formby, George Epps, Jr., and Mary Phagan. Other witnesses conveyed that they had invented or lied about evidence due to the pressure brought by police detectives and solicitor Dorsey. In addition, the defense lawyers restudied the case, including Henry Alexander, who studied the murder notes allegedly written by Conley at Frank's direction, which were written on old carbon pads and had a dateline of September 19.
Mr. Alexander alleged that the words "night witch" in the note beside Mary Phagan's body, which had been interpreted to mean night watch or watchman by those who believed the notes had been written under the direction of a white man, actually referred to a negro folktale. On March 7, 1914, Frank was resentenced to die. A stay of execution was obtained on an extraordinary motion for a new trial based on newly found evidence. Three witnesses said the state's star witness, Jim Conley, was the killer. Annie Maud Carter in New Orleans said Conley told her he had called Mary Phagan over as she left Frank's office with her pay envelope, hit her over the head, and pushed her over a scuttle hole in the back of the building.
The most important details in this text are that Annie Maud Carter gave the Burns Agency some love letters from Conley which the Constitution said were so vile and vulgar that they couldn't be published in the newspaper. The defense contended that these love letters showed that Conley had perverted passion and lust. A black prisoner named Freeman told his story to the prison doctor, who reported that Conley was the killer. Conley's court appointed attorney, William Smith, thought Frank was innocent and made a public statement on October 2,114, saying that Conley's testimony was a cunning fabrication. This extraordinary revelation, which went against the lawyer client confidentiality privilege, was extolled by those who believed in Frank's innocence and castigated as being caused by bribery by those who believed him guilty.
William Smith revealed no new facts to support his beliefs, but instead tried to show how the already known facts had been misinterpreted due to Conley's lies. It has been said that Jim Conley confessed to William Smith, and a confession statement allegedly by Conley has been published in For One confessions of a Criminal Lawyer by Alan Lumpkin Henson. However, Walter Smith, William Smith's son, denied the authenticity of Conley's "confession", but brought to light facts which had been previously undisclosed regarding William Smith's relationship to his client. William Smith was reputed to be a very conscientious and ethical lawyer, and his prime obligation was to his client. He had been appointed to defend Conley by the court and he worked very closely with the prosecutor, Hugh Dorsey.
Smith believed in Frank's guilt and coached Jim Conley in how to react in the courtroom. He acted out the style and gyrations of Luther Rosser to Conley so well that when the actual trial was in session, Conley was not rattled in the least. Smith went to great lengths to defend Conley and to dig up facts against Frank. At some point in the course of the trial, Smith began to doubt that his client had been telling the truth and tried to get him the lightest sentence possible. Conley was convicted as an accessory to the fact and sentenced to one year on the chain gang. Smith felt morally and legally free to do some investigating and probing on his own.
William Smith believed that Leo Frank was innocent and that he himself was responsible for his conviction. He launched a thorough investigation which convinced him that Frank was innocent and that Conley was guilty. He went to Governor Slayton with his conclusions and his story was important in helping Slayton reach the decision to commute Frank's sentence. Smith's life was threatened and he and his family were forced to leave Georgia. In the last years of his life, Smith's vocal cords were paralyzed and he carried a pad of paper on which to write messages in the hospital room.
On May 8, 1914, superior court Judge Ben H.Hill denied the defense motion for a new trial, which was affirmed unanimously by the Georgia Supreme Court. Jewish organizations and groups raised the issue of religious prejudice before Leo Frank's trial ended. The appeals for funds for Leo Frank's defense were made through mailing, circulars and newspaper advertisements throughout the country and particularly in the north. This resulted in a virtual reenactment of the Civil War between Northern and southern newspapers, which increased in intensity as the trial progressed. The New York Times and Colliers Weekly called for a new trial, mass rallies were held in United States cities, and thousands of letters, petitions and telegrams were sent to Governor Slayton and soon to be Governor Nat Harris.
However, the conviction of Frank became an article of faith for Southerners and the belief in Frank's innocence became the litmus test in the Jewish community of Atlanta for antisemitism. On March 10, 1914, the Atlanta Journal editorially called for a new trial, saying that if Frank is found guilty after a fair trial, he should be hanged and his death without a fair trial and legal conviction will amount to judicial murder. The most important details in this text are that the court, lawyers, and jury were not able to decide impartially and without fear the guilt or innocence of an accused man. The atmosphere of the courtroom was charged with an electric current of indignation, and the streets were filled with an angry, determined crowd ready to seize the defendant if the jury had found him not guilty. When the jury returned the guilty verdict, Frank was not in the courtroom, but at the Fulton Tower.
Cheers for the prosecuting counsel were irrepressible in the courtroom throughout the trial, and on the streets, unseemly demonstrations and condemnation of Frank were heard by the judge and jury. The judge was powerless to prevent these outbursts in the courtroom and the police were unable to control the crowd outside. The Fifth Regiment of the National Guard was kept under arms throughout the night, ready to rush on a moment's warning to the protection of the defendant. The press of the city united in an earnest request to the presiding judge to not permit the verdict of the jury to be received on Saturday, as it was known that a verdict of acquittal would cause a riot. Frank was tried and convicted, but the evidence on which he was convicted is not clear.
The outbursts in the courtroom and the police were unable to control the crowds outside were events that all three newspapers had not printed during the trial. The Journal remained quiet about these events for a year.
The Atlanta Georgian, which was silent during the trial, later called for a new trial. Tom Watson, who had been defeated for vice president of the United States on the populace ticket in 1896, immediately launched a scathing attack against those criticizing the results of the Frank case. He referred to Frank as being a Jew pervert and said he denied justice to the family of a poor factory girl. Burns offered a $1000 reward to anyone who could provide evidence that Frank was a sexual pervert, but no one came forward. Burns also brought forth evidence given to him by the reverend C.B.Ragsdale, pastor of the Atlanta Baptist Church, who told the story of overhearing two black men, one of whom confessed to killing a little girl at the factory the other day. Later, Ragsdale repudiated his statement. A Burns operative, Mr. Toby, had been retained by members of the Phagan family and their neighbors to investigate the murder and discover the murderer. After several weeks of investigating, Toby resigned and announced that he had concluded that Frank was the guilty party. Dorsey alleged that Burns tried to bribe witnesses to give false testimony.
The hearing on extraordinary motion for a new trial was based on the absence of Frank at the reception of the verdict. On December 7, 1914, a writ of error was taken to the United States Supreme Court and was denied. Frank was sentenced to be hanged on January 22, 1915. Frank's attorneys then filed an application for a writ of habeas corpus to the United States Supreme Court on April 19, 1915. The two justices who dissented were Oliver Wendell Holmes and Charles Evans Hughes.
They dissented on the basis that a lower court hearing should have been held to determine the validity of the defense. The most important details in this text are that Governor John Slayton was the only hope left for Frank, and his attorneys appealed to him for a commutation of his sentence from hanging to life imprisonment. Slayton referred this request to the state Prison Commission and asked them to pass their recommendation to the governor. Meanwhile, Frank's attorneys filed an appeal for a clemency hearing before the three man Georgia Prison Commission. The hearing date was scheduled for May 31, 1915.
On May 31, 1915, out of state and in state delegations appeared to plead for Frank's life. They had submitted voluminous documents to convince the commission an error had been made, including a letter by presiding Judge Leonard Roan written shortly before his death on March 23, 1915. Some members of Roan's family doubted the authenticity of the letter for years, but Dr. Wallace E. Brown, owner of the Berkshire Hills Sanatorium, attested to Roan's rational mental state. Brown also stated that he has been a resident of North Adams, Massachusetts, practically all his life, and is now serving his third term as mayor of the city of North Adams.
On Sunday, November 20, 1914, Judge L.S. Roan of Atlanta, Georgia dictated a letter to Mrs. Wallace E.Brown of North Adams, Massachusetts, asking for executive clemency in the punishment of Leo M. Frank. The letter was written by Judge Roan of Atlanta, Georgia, to Mrs. Wallace E.Brown, who was then Miss Jane Deity. The letter expressed the deponent's uncertainty of Frank's guilt due to the character of the Negro Conley's testimony. The letter also stated that the chief magistrate of the state should exert every effort in ascertaining the truth, and that the execution of any person whose guilt has not been satisfactorily proven to the constituted authorities is too horrible to contemplate. The deponent heard Judge Roan dictate the letter before copied and saw him read and sign the name.
Judge Roan had stated to Deponent that he was not convinced of Frank's guilt and that if executive clemency were asked for Frank, he intended to recommend commutation. The next morning, some 50 determined looking men from Cobb County marched into the Prison Commission office and demanded the hearing be reopened. They included former governor Joseph M. Brown and Herbert Clay, solicitor of the Blue Ridge Circuit. Clay spoke for hours against Commutation arguing that Georgia would be dishonored for all time if Frank were spared for his alleged abominable crime. The commission reopened the hearing and the commissioners listened intently and said nothing.
At the end of the reopening, they issued a statement that they would offer their recommendation to Governor Slayton in a week by a two to one vote. On June 1915, the commissioners refused to recommend commutation to Governor Slayton, leaving it up to the governor.
Table of Contents.
Preface.
Chronology
Chapter One - Crime Discovered
Chapter Two - Police Reach Scene
Chapter Three - Frank Views Body
Chapter Four - Mother Hears of Murder
Chapter Five - Crime Stirs Atlanta
Chapter Six - Leo Frank Is Arrested
Chapter Seven - The Inquest starts
Chapter Eight - Frank's Story
Chapter Nine - Dictograph Incident
Chapter Ten - Conley Enters Case
Chapter Eleven - Conley in School
Chapter Twelve - Racial Prejudice Charge
Chapter Thirteen - Plants Charge to Frank
Chapter Fourteen - South's Greatest Legal Battle
Chapter Fifteen - The State's Chain
Chapter Sixteen - Perversion Charged
Chapter Seventeen - Salacious Stories Admitted
Chapter Eighteen - Frank's Alibi
Chapter Nineteen - Attorneys Threatened
Chapter Twenty - Frank's Own Story
Chapter Twenty-One - Lawyers Laud and Denounce Frank
Chapter Twenty-Two - Fear Of Lynching Precedes Verdict
In Atlanta and the South, the well-known Leo M. Frank case is arguably the best crime thriller of all time. Young Mary Phagan was brutally murdered when she went to the National Pencil Factory to pick up her paycheck, according to the story. Alas, is understandably intriguing to any working man or woman, as terrifying as its details are. All who hear about a crime mystery find it intriguing. But because this particular case involves the prosecution of an elite Jew, Mary Phagan's crime thriller lost its identity with Leo M. Frank. The Frank case involved Frank, the manager of a sizable factory where a affable little employee had died. No other murder investigation in the South has sparked as much curiosity. There is more to this story than just a respectable man assigned to kill a lust-driven young factory girl. It is more than just a crime thriller.
He claims to be the victim of persecution because he is Jewish, which makes this case crucial. The story of a horrifying crime, significant events that occurred over the following four months, and, finally, the tale of a great trial in which two of the South's top criminal defense lawyers squared off against the astute minds of the Atlanta Attorney General for a month. was finished. However, a lot of the intriguing tales pertaining to the Frank case were never published because the media was afraid to mention them in their articles.
Frank was found guilty by the Fulton Supreme Court, which brings the play to a close. The case was not resolved following the Atlanta County trial. This is because the juvenile defendant will be brought back before a judge soon after receiving a death sentence, and if he is to be hanged, it could take months or even years for that to happen. remain. The battle for Frank's life, however, changed into a complex legal dispute starting on the day of the verdict. The real story concludes with a trial and the author's explanation of all the significant details.
Leo Max Frank, the superintendent of the National Pencil Company, was accused of killing Mary Phagan, a 13-year-old laborer, by the prosecution. Many would contend that the renowned promoter and lawyer in the city, Thomas B. Felder. The defense team was strong, led by Ruben Arnold and Luther Rosser. Felder was secretly working for Frank and his associates as well. Few people anticipated that the defendant, Leo Frank, would soon take the stand and make an admission that was so unbelievable that it was difficult to believe as the defense began its parade of witnesses. Everyone in the audience, including the jury, was still thinking about Jim Conley's prosecution testimony.
Conley acknowledged assisting Frank in moving Mary Phagan's lifeless body from the metal room bathroom on the second floor of the pencil factory to a location in the basement, adding that Frank had asked him to return later and burn the body in exchange for a $200 payment that had been promised. Additionally, he described to a packed courtroom how he had created the "death notes" in the black dialect. The most significant information in this text is that W-W-W. Conley claimed that, at Frank's direction, Frank had acknowledged accidentally killing the girl by hitting her when she rejected his advances. Mary Phagan must have arrived after Montane Stower, not before her, according to Matthews, a motorman for the Georgia Railway and Electric Company who testified that she got off his car at 1210 and was sworn in on behalf of the defense.
To confirm timing, W.T. Hollis, a streetcar conductor, was called W-W-W Matthews. According to Matthews, Mary Phagan boarded his vehicle at Lindsay Street at 11:50 a.m., and their route from Bellwood to English Avenue was followed by Kennedy, Kennedy, and then Gray. To Gray and Jones Avenue and from Jones Avenue to Marietta, Broad Street to Marietta, then out. W-W-W. Matthews was supposed to show up at Marietta and Broad at twelve seven and a half, but they showed up on time and remained on schedule the entire day. Mary Phagan exited at Broad and Marietta; it takes two to three minutes to travel from Broad and Marietta to Broad and Hunter on this busy street. Another motorman took over as the driver at Broad and Marietta, but he remained in the same vehicle and sat down one seat behind Mary Phagan. Around 1210, they arrived at Broad and Hunter. The other young girl and Mary exited the vehicle and made their way to the sidewalk. They got off at Hunter and Broad, which is about a block and a half from the pencil factory. No one got on with Mary at Lindsay Street. The young girl sitting next to her caught the driver's attention for the first time as they were leaving Broad and Marietta streets. Returning to the vehicle, the driver discovered the same young child seated next to her. During the cross-examination, the driver failed to inform one of the detectives that they may have been three or four minutes early that day.
The same girl recognized at the morgue was Mary Phagan, according to the streetcar conductor. When Mary Phagan boarded at Lindsay Street around 11:50 a.m. on April 26, he was on the English Avenue line. He recognized her as the same girl he had seen at the morgue, and several blocks away from where she boarded the bus on English Avenue, he paid her fare. He had no memory of EPS getting into the car that morning. Several blocks away from where she boarded the W.T. Hollis streetcar, on English Avenue, a conductor, recognized Mary Phagan as the same girl he had seen at the morgue and collected her fare.
One of the most crucial information in this audiobook is that Mary Phagan was sitting by herself when she boarded the front end of the car, that Mr. Matthews would inform her that she was late for work today, and that occasionally she would enter the building and express her annoyance at being late. She arrived that morning, and when Mr. Matthews asked her if she was mad, she replied, "Yes, I'm late," and she laughed before getting in the car and sitting down. The other significant information in this text relates to the murder of Mary Phagan, a young girl who was on a car scheduled to arrive in town at seven seven. The text also mentions that Mr. Matthews would tell Mary when she boarded the vehicle, "You are late today," and that occasionally she would come in and comment that she was angry that she was late. Although it is against company policy to arrive early in the city, arriving late is not prohibited. Harry G. Leo Frank's immediate assistant superintendent, Schiff, testified that he had never seen women brought into the office and that Conley had never been seen keeping an eye on Frank.
He claimed that Helen Ferguson had been paid off by him, not Frank, on the Friday before the murder, and that Ferguson had not requested Mary Phagan's pay. This situation demonstrates how crucial accurate watches and clocks were in 1913 and 2013, as well as how accurate they were then. The most significant information in this text is that witnesses like public accountant Joel Hunter and C. backed up Leo Frank's claim that his own testimony was adequate defense. C.E.Pollard. The plant stenographer, Hattie Hall, confirmed that she had worked with Frank until around noon and had clock-out at 2:00. As a result, Jim Conley's testimony that they arrived at the factory at 1245 and that he had gone into Leo Frank's wardrobe to hide from them while they spoke to Frank was refuted by Emma Clark Freeman and Corinthia Hall, who both stated that they had arrived at the factory for a brief visit at 1145. If the women were telling the truth, it would seem that Conley was off by a few hours. The timing of their visit is not important in any way because even its complete absence would have allowed Frank and Conley to move Mary Phagan's body and write the death notes in a few more minutes. The most significant information in this text is that Jim Conley repeatedly changed his story and contradicted himself, and Miss Magnolia Kennedy disputed the assertion that Helen Ferguson had requested Mary's pay. She also stated that she had never seen blood on the floor there prior to the homicide and that the hair that was discovered on the lathe in the metal room matched Mary. In order to demonstrate that Jim Conley had altered his story and repeatedly contradicted himself, the defense also called in Pinkerton detective Harry Scott. Miss Magnolia Kennedy denied Helen Ferguson had requested Mary's pay, but she did concede that Mary's hair matched that found on the lathe in the metal room and that she hadn't noticed any blood on the floor there until after the murder.
The most crucial information in this passage is that Helen Ferguson and Mary were close friends and neighbors, and that Helen didn't ask Mr. Schiff for Mary's money while he was there paying off. Following the swearing-in, Wade Campbell was informed of his interactions on the day of the murder. His testimony about how happy and playful Frank was before noon casts doubt on the bloodspot evidence and Frank's interactions with Conley, contrary to the defense's hopes that he would do so. His testimony about how upbeat and playful Frank was before noon casts doubt on the evidence, contrary to what the defense hoped he would do. This raises questions about the bloodspot evidence and Frank's interactions with Conley.
On Monday, April 28, Wade Campbell, a worker at the Pencil factory, spoke with his sister, Mrs. Arthur White. When she entered the factory on Saturday at 12:00 a.m. and left at 12:30 p.m., she saw a black person sitting at the elevator shaft, she told him. Although she couldn't see anyone, she could hear low voices. On April 26, she arrived at the factory around 9:30 and found Mr. Frank in his exterior office. She had never seen Mr. Frank converse with Mary Phagan. She and Mr. Frank went to the fourth floor on Tuesday, the day after the murder, but she missed seeing the Negro Conly interact with him. When she entered the factory after hearing low voices, she saw the Negro, according to a cross examination. A second look revealed that she visited Mr. Dorsey's office and signed a document that was about 21 pages long. Jim Conley has been seen by the woman twice since the murder reading newspapers on the fourth floor. The most significant information in this text is that Leo Max Frank appeared carefree and jocular in the morning of April 26, 1913. At four o'clock in the afternoon, Newt Lee arrived, unaware that Mary Pagan had passed away and only concerned about a potential downpour.
Lemme Quinn, a factory worker, testified that he had visited the facility and seen Frank in his office around 12:20. However, he hadn't mentioned this visit to anyone until days later, and even Frank had forgotten about it until Quinn came forward. Quinn acknowledged having promised Frank he would bring up the visit if it would be helpful. Indirectly, he indirectly confirmed the time of Miss Halls' and Mrs. Freeman's visit to the factory. Leo Frank was not agitated or tense when he was seen by Harry Denham, who was working on the fourth floor of the pencil factory the day of the murder.The Franks' black cook, Manola McKnight, had earlier admitted in a statement that she had overheard a conversation between the Franks and their wife in which the Franks admitted to killing a girl earlier in the day. Police were alerted to her statement by her husband, but she later recanted it, claiming that her husband was lying and that the only reasons she had signed it were a fear of going to jail and the detective's "third degree" tactics. Several of Frank's friends and acquaintances were called by the defense to attest to his overall good character.
A number of prosecution witnesses testified that Frank had made inappropriate sexual advances toward girls and young women, which gave the prosecution the opportunity to address Frank's character. The jury was given the impression that the defense did not dare to cross-examine any of the young women who gave evidence by their decision to forego doing so. One of the character witnesses for the defense had a pleasant surprise in store: "Miss Irene Jackson, sworn for the defendant, worked at the pencil factory for three years. Mr. Frank's character, as far as I know, was excellent. The only thing the girls ever mentioned about him was that they appeared to be scared of him. He simply approached the door and pushed it open. On two or three occasions, I overheard comments about Mr. Frank using the restroom, but I don't recall anything about it.
My sister was lying down in the room when I learned about his second visit to the changing area. He simply entered, made a turn, and left". The fact that Mr. Frank entered Miss Mamie Kitchen while the narrator was inside and kept quiet is one of the most crucial details in this statement. He kept staring at the girls without ever entering the room but not from the inner office, where he could have seen the girls sign up. The claims that Frank was very direct with the girls who worked for him were supported by Miss Jackson's account. The fact that Mr. Frank never entered the room and simply observed the girls is one of the text's most crucial details. From the outside office, he could have observed the girls signing up, but not from the inside. The accounts of Frank being frank with the girls who worked for him were supported by Miss Jackson's account. The fact that Mr. Frank never entered the room and simply observed the girls is the most crucial information in this passage. Leo Max Frank, the defendant, took the stand on August 18, 1913, to address the jury in his own defense.
He selected the final option, making an untrue statement that could not be cross-examined. Frank made that decision and his top-notch legal team either concurred with it or accepted it weeks in advance, despite the near certainty that it would be viewed negatively by the jury. Frank's speech was a mind-numbing nearly four hours long, and an astounding three of those hours were devoted to recounting the minute particulars of his office work on the day of the murder, primarily his financial entries and accounting book calculations in excruciating detail.
Even though it was almost certain that such a decision would be viewed negatively by the jury, Frank made it anyway, and his top-notch legal team either supported him or agreed with him weeks in advance. Leo Frank had three and a half hours to complete his office work and was the last person who had seen Mary Phagan alive. He had three more hours starting at three thirty, according to both the defense and the prosecution and anywhere from 3:00 p.m. to 06:00 p.m. to perform the necessary work. The goal of Frank's lengthy speech was to persuade his audience that the six and a half hours he had allotted for his calculations would not be sufficient, and that he would also need the noon hour. Why, if this were the case, did he initially intend to depart at 4:00 p.m. with his brother-in-law, to watch a holiday baseball game?
The claim made by Leo Frank that he never knew Mary Pagan's name is absurd. For the entire 52 weeks that Mary Pagan worked for the National Pencil Company, Frank oversaw the payroll and entered the amounts in his accounting books each week. He also wrote Mary Phagan's initials, MP, next to her employee number and pay amount in these books each week. The entire 52 weeks that Mary Phagan worked for the National Pencil Company, he added his own handwritten initials, MP, next to her employee number and pay amount in these books. The factory's floor plans indicate that Mary Phagan worked in the middle room, and the only bathroom on the second floor, where Frank's office was, was in the metal room. In order to get to the restroom, Leo Frank, a frequent coffee user, had to walk directly past Mary Phagan's desk.
During the little over a year that Mary had worked for Frank, the employees put in at least 2860 hours working eleven-hour days, five days a week, and 52 weeks annually. Even if he only went to the restroom once every three hours, he would have passed Mary Phagan over 953 times in that time. Leo M. Frank mentioned quite a few female employees by name when asked by prosecutor Dorsey if he or she knew them or her by name. He also recommended that if he didn't know Mary in some way, J.M. Gantt would be unlikely to know that she was friendly.
In his unsworn statement, Frank continued, "The Author's Note: Mary Phagan left my office and apparently had made it as far as the door from my office leading to the outer office when she evidently stopped and asked me if the medal had arrived, and I told her no. Leo Frank had claimed that he overheard Mary talking to a different girl, a girl who had never shown up. No girl was found who had spoken to or met Mary Phagan at that time despite extensive research and interviews with everyone known to be in the area. The only other girl present, Monteen Stover, testified that she only saw an empty office. According to Frank's unsworn statement, Mary Phagan was fired because some ordered metal had not yet arrived at the factory. Mary Phagan had apparently worked in the metal department based on her question. Frank actually had the gall to imply that Mary Phagan had likely worked in the metal department based on her query. Everything Leo Frank said about the case is seriously called into question by his admission that he didn't know the dead girl by name or by sight.
When first questioned, Frank allegedly confessed to responding "I don't know," according to detectives. If it was I don't know, Leo Frank might have asked Mary Phagan to go with him to the Medal Room, where the prosecution, the police, and the detectives hired by the pencil company claimed the murder occurred. Leo Frank made the most shocking admission of all, or at least the most shocking admission he could make short of a detailed and humbling confession.
The most crucial information in this text is that Leo Frank attempted to lessen the impact of Monte Stover's testimony by speculating that he might have gone to the bathroom or been concealed behind the safe door when she entered. This defense was unconvincing because, even if Frank had been perfectly situated behind the door, a young woman looking for work would probably just glance around it. Additionally, Frank was speculating that he might have been using the restroom—the one in the metal room—when Monte Stover discovered his office vacant and the evidence points to Mary Phagan's murder occurring there very same moment. This was also surprising because only a few weeks prior, Frank had adamantly asserted to the coroner's jury that on the day of the murder, he had not used the restroom once all day. Leo Frank was charged with killing Mary Phagan in the metal room's bathroom.
He acknowledged that he might have visited the restroom the following Monday, when Mary Phagan-looking hair strands and a five-inch bloodstain were discovered. He also acknowledged that he might have gone to the restroom where Conley claimed to have discovered Mary Phagan's battered, strangled, and lifeless body. He also acknowledged that he may have dropped Mary Phagan's body in the hallway where another bloodstain was later discovered after wrapping it in a sack and preparing to carry it to the basement. Although the stain was thought to be very old by the defense, Frank acknowledged that he might have been present at the scene when Mary Phagan was killed. Leo Frank changed his mind because of the impending rain, and his wife was present to see him on April 29, the day he was taken into custody at police headquarters, are the two most crucial facts in this text. He asked Rabbi Marks for advice on whether it would be wise to let his wife visit him on the top floor where he was surrounded by police officers, reporters, and photographers.
Following her husband's arrest, Frank didn't see him for 13 days, which might have been a reaction to her outrage over what she believed to be his alleged infidelity.
Since there are no reports of her making an attempt to see Frank again during those initial days, Frank's claim that she had to be restrained from actually moving into his cell is too extreme to be believed. Despite later retracting her claim, Mrs. Manola McKnight had claimed that Leo Frank told his wife that he had killed a girl the night of the murder.
On his way home that evening, Leo Frank bought a box of candy to reassure his wife Lucille Selig of his love for her despite what he had done. Years later, it was discovered that she left clear instructions for her cremation and scattering of her ashes in a public park rather than being buried in Queens, New York, next to her husband. Frank continued by claiming Conley was never present at the factory or anywhere else on April 26, 1913, that he had no involvement in Mary Phagan's death, and that he had never seen him before. Leo Frank's admission of an "unconscious bathroom visit" was entirely ignored by The Atlanta Constitution and The Atlanta Georgian, which were adopting a pro-Frank editorial stance. It is unlikely that the words "call of nature" or "urinate" were deemed too shocking for the public to read about a brutal, strangulation murder since The Atlanta Journal did include the admission. The allegations that antisemitism was used as justification for Frank's prosecution and conviction will be examined in The Leo Frank Trial's upcoming episode.